3 Imager::Draw - Draw primitives to images
11 $blue = Imager::Color->new( 0, 0, 255 );
12 $fill = Imager::Fill->new(hatch=>'stipple');
14 $img->line(color=>$blue, x1=>10, x2=>100,
15 y1=>20, y2=>50, aa=>1, endp=>1 );
17 $img->polyline(points=>[[$x0,$y0], [$x1,$y1], [$x2,$y2]],
19 $img->polyline(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], aa=>1);
21 $img->box(color=> $blue, xmin=> 10, ymin=>30,
22 xmax=>200, ymax=>300, filled=>1);
23 $img->box(fill=>$fill);
25 $img->arc(color=>$blue, r=>20, x=>200, y=>100,
28 $img->circle(color=>$blue, r=>50, x=>200, y=>100);
30 $img->polygon(points=>[[$x0,$y0], [$x1,$y1], [$x2,$y2]],
33 $img->polygon(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2]);
35 $img->flood_fill(x=>50, y=>50, color=>$color);
37 $img->setpixel(x=>50, y=>70, color=>$color);
39 $img->setpixel(x=>[ 50, 60, 70 ], y=>[20, 30, 40], color=>$color);
41 my $color = $img->getpixel(x=>50, y=>70);
43 my @colors = $img->getpixel(x=>[ 50, 60, 70 ], y=>[20, 30, 40]);
46 my $font = Imager::Font->new(...) or die;
47 $img->string(x => 50, y => 70,
49 string => "Hello, World!",
54 # bottom right-hand corner of the image
55 $img->align_string(x => $img->getwidth() - 1,
56 y => $img->getheight() - 1,
64 my @colors = $img->getscanline(y=>50, x=>10, width=>20);
66 $img->setscanline(y=>60, x=>20, pixels=>\@colors);
68 my @samples = $img->getsamples(y=>50, x=>10, width=>20,
73 It is possible to draw with graphics primitives onto images. Such
74 primitives include boxes, arcs, circles, polygons and lines. The
75 coordinate system in Imager has the origin C<(0,0)> in the upper left
76 corner of an image with co-ordinates increasing to the right and
77 bottom. For non anti-aliasing operation all coordinates are rounded
78 towards the nearest integer. For anti-aliased operations floating
79 point coordinates are used.
81 Drawing is assumed to take place in a coordinate system of infinite
82 resolution. This is the typical convention and really only matters when
83 it is necessary to check for off-by-one cases. Typically it's useful to
84 think of C<(10, 20)> as C<(10.00, 20.00)> and consider the consequences.
86 =head2 Color Parameters
88 X<color parameters>The C<color> parameter for any of the drawing
89 methods can be an L<Imager::Color> object, a simple scalar that
90 Imager::Color can understand, a hashref of parameters that
91 Imager::Color->new understands, or an arrayref of red, green, blue
94 $image->box(..., color=>'red');
95 $image->line(..., color=>'#FF0000');
96 $image->flood_fill(..., color=>[ 255, 0, 255 ]);
98 While supplying colors as names, array references or CSS color
99 specifiers is convenient, for maximum performance you should supply
100 the color as an L<Imager::Color> object:
102 my @colors = map Imager::Color->new($_), qw/red green blue/
103 for my $i (1..1000) {
104 $image->box(..., color => $colors[rand @colors]);
107 =head2 Fill Parameters
109 X<fill parameters>All filled primitives, i.e. C<arc()>, C<box()>,
110 C<circle()>, C<polygon()> and the C<flood_fill()> method can take a
111 C<fill> parameter instead of a C<color> parameter which can either be
112 an Imager::Fill object, or a reference to a hash containing the
113 parameters used to create the fill, for example:
115 $image->box(..., fill=>{ hatch => 'check1x1' });
116 my $fillimage = Imager->new;
117 $fillimage->read(file=>$somefile) or die;
118 $image->flood_fill(..., fill=>{ image=>$fillimage });
120 Currently you can create opaque or transparent plain color fills,
121 hatched fills, image based fills and fountain fills. See
122 L<Imager::Fill> for more information.
124 =head2 List of primitives
130 $img->line(color=>$green, x1=>10, x2=>100,
131 y1=>20, y2=>50, aa=>1, endp=>1 );
133 X<line method>Draws a line from (x1,y1) to (x2,y2). The endpoint
134 (x2,y2) is drawn by default. If C<endp> of 0 is specified then the
135 endpoint will not be drawn. If C<aa> is set then the line will be
136 drawn anti-aliased. The C<antialias> parameter is still available for
137 backwards compatibility.
145 C<x1>, C<y1> - starting point of the line. Required.
149 C<x2>, C<y2> - end point of the line. Required.
153 C<color> - the color of the line. See L</"Color Parameters">. Default:
158 C<endp> - if zero the end point of the line is not drawn. Default: 1
159 - the end point is drawn. This is useful to set to 0 when drawing a
160 series of connected lines.
164 C<aa> - if true the line is drawn anti-aliased. Default: 0.
170 $img->polyline(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
171 $img->polyline(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], aa=>1);
173 X<polyline method>C<polyline> is used to draw multiple lines between a
174 series of points. The point set can either be specified as an
175 arrayref to an array of array references (where each such array
176 represents a point). The other way is to specify two array
179 The C<antialias> parameter is still available for backwards compatibility.
185 points - a reference to an array of references to arrays containing
186 the co-ordinates of the points in the line, for example:
188 my @points = ( [ 0, 0 ], [ 100, 0 ], [ 100, 100 ], [ 0, 100 ] );
189 $img->polyline(points => \@points);
193 x, y - each is an array of x or y ordinates. This is an alternative
194 to supplying the C<points> parameter.
196 # same as the above points example
197 my @x = ( 0, 100, 100, 0 );
198 my @y = ( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
199 $img->polyline(x => \@x, y => \@y);
203 C<color> - the color of the line. See L</"Color Parameters">.
208 C<aa> - if true the line is drawn anti-aliased. Default: 0. Can also
209 be supplied as C<antialias> for backward compatibility.
215 $blue = Imager::Color->new( 0, 0, 255 );
216 $img->box(color => $blue, xmin=>10, ymin=>30, xmax=>200, ymax=>300,
219 X<box method>If any of the edges of the box are omitted it will snap
220 to the outer edge of the image in that direction. If C<filled> is
221 omitted the box is drawn as an outline. Instead of a color it is
222 possible to use a C<fill> pattern:
224 $fill = Imager::Fill->new(hatch=>'stipple');
225 $img->box(fill=>$fill); # fill entire image with a given fill pattern
227 $img->box(xmin=>10, ymin=>30, xmax=>150, ymax=>60,
228 fill => { hatch=>'cross2' });
230 Also if a color is omitted a color with (255,255,255,255) is used
231 instead. [NOTE: This may change to use C<$img-E<gt>fgcolor()> in the future].
233 Box does not support fractional coordinates yet.
241 C<xmin> - left side of the box. Default: 0 (left edge of the image)
245 C<ymin> - top side of the box. Default: 0 (top edge of the image)
249 C<xmax> - right side of the box. Default: C<< $img->getwidth-1
250 >>. (right edge of the image)
254 C<ymax> - bottom side of the box. Default: C<< $img->getheight-1
255 >>. (bottom edge of the image)
257 Note: C<xmax> and C<ymax> are I<inclusive> - the number of pixels
258 drawn for a filled box is C<(xmax-xmin+1) * (ymax-ymin+1)>.
262 C<box> - a reference to an array of (left, top, right, bottom)
263 co-ordinates. This is an alternative to supplying C<xmin>, C<ymin>,
264 C<xmax>, C<ymax> and overrides their values.
268 C<color> - the color of the line. See L</"Color Parameters">.
269 Default: white. This is ignored if the filled parameter
273 C<filled> - if non-zero the box is filled with I<color> instead of
274 outlined. Default: an outline is drawn.
278 C<fill> - the fill for the box. If this is supplied then the box will be
279 filled. See L</"Fill Parameters">.
285 $img->arc(color=>$red, r=>20, x=>200, y=>100, d1=>10, d2=>20 );
287 This creates a filled red arc with a 'center' at (200, 100) and spans
288 10 degrees and the slice has a radius of 20.
290 It's also possible to supply a C<fill> parameter.
292 To draw just an arc outline - just the curve, not the radius lines,
297 $img->arc(color=>$red, r=>20, x=>200, y=>100, d1=>10, d2=>20, filled=>0 );
303 C<x>, C<y> - center of the filled arc. Default: center of the image.
307 C<r> - radius of the arc. Default: 1/3 of min(image height, image width).
311 C<d1> - starting angle of the arc, in degrees. Default: 0
315 C<d2> - ending angle of the arc, in degrees. Default: 361.
319 C<color> - the color of the filled arc. See L</"Color Parameters">.
320 Default: white. Overridden by C<fill>.
324 C<fill> - the fill for the filled arc. See L</"Fill Parameters">
328 C<aa> - if true the filled arc is drawn anti-aliased. Default: false.
330 Anti-aliased arc() is experimental for now, I'm not entirely happy
331 with the results in some cases.
335 C<filled> - set to 0 to draw only an outline.
339 # arc going through angle zero:
340 $img->arc(d1=>320, d2=>40, x=>100, y=>100, r=>50, color=>'blue');
343 $img->arc(d1=>135, d2=>45, x=>100, y=>150, r=>50,
344 fill=>{ solid=>'red', combine=>'diff' });
346 # draw an anti-aliased circle outline
347 $img->arc(x => 100, y => 150, r => 150, filled => 0,
348 color => '#F00', aa => 1);
350 # draw an anti-aliased arc
351 $img->arc(x => 100, y => 150, r => 90, filled => 0,
352 color => '#0f0', aa => 1, d1 => 90, d2 => 180);
356 $img->circle(color=>$green, r=>50, x=>200, y=>100, aa=>1, filled=>1);
358 This creates an anti-aliased green circle with its center at (200, 100)
359 and has a radius of 50. It's also possible to supply a C<fill> parameter
360 instead of a color parameter.
362 $img->circle(r => 50, x=> 150, y => 150, fill=>{ hatch => 'stipple' });
364 To draw a circular outline, set C<filled> to 0:
366 $img->circle(color=>$green, r=>50, x=>200, y=>100, aa=>1, filled=>0);
372 C<x>, C<y> - center of the filled circle. Default: center of the image.
376 C<r> - radius of the circle. Default: 1/3 of min(image height, image width).
380 C<color> - the color of the filled circle. See L</"Color Parameters">.
381 Default: white. Overridden by C<fill>.
385 C<fill> - the fill for the filled circle. See L</"Fill Parameters">
389 C<aa> - if true the filled circle is drawn anti-aliased. Default: false.
393 C<filled> - set to 0 to just draw an outline.
399 $img->polygon(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
400 $img->polygon(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], fill=>$fill);
402 Polygon is used to draw a filled polygon. Currently the polygon is
403 always drawn anti-aliased, although that will change in the future.
404 Like other anti-aliased drawing functions its coordinates can be
405 specified with floating point values. As with other filled shapes
406 it's possible to use a C<fill> instead of a color.
412 C<points> - a reference to an array of references to arrays containing
413 the co-ordinates of the points in the line, for example:
415 my @points = ( [ 0, 0 ], [ 100, 0 ], [ 100, 100 ], [ 0, 100 ] );
416 $img->polygon(points => \@points);
420 C<x>, C<y> - each is an array of x or y ordinates. This is an alternative
421 to supplying the C<points> parameter.
423 # same as the above points example
424 my @x = ( 0, 100, 100, 0 );
425 my @y = ( 0, 0, 100, 100 );
426 $img->polygon(x => \@x, y => \@y);
430 C<color> - the color of the filled polygon. See L</"Color Parameters">.
431 Default: black. Overridden by C<fill>.
435 C<fill> - the fill for the filled circle. See L</"Fill Parameters">
441 X<flood_fill>You can fill a region that all has the same color using
442 the flood_fill() method, for example:
444 $img->flood_fill(x=>50, y=>50, color=>$color);
446 will fill all regions the same color connected to the point (50, 50).
448 Alternatively you can fill a region limited by a given border color:
450 # stop at the red border
451 $im->flood_fill(x=>50, y=>50, color=>$color, border=>"red");
453 You can also fill with a complex fill:
455 $img->flood_fill(x=>50, y=>50, fill=>{ hatch=>'cross1x1' });
463 C<x>, C<y> - the start point of the fill.
467 C<color> - the color of the filled area. See L</"Color Parameters">.
468 Default: white. Overridden by C<fill>.
472 C<fill> - the fill for the filled area. See L</"Fill Parameters">
476 C<border> - the border color of the region to be filled. If this
477 parameter is supplied flood_fill() will stop when it finds this color.
478 If this is not supplied then a normal fill is done. C<border> can be
479 supplied as a L</"Color Parameters">.
485 $img->setpixel(x=>50, y=>70, color=>$color);
486 $img->setpixel(x=>[ 50, 60, 70 ], y=>[20, 30, 40], color=>$color);
488 setpixel() is used to set one or more individual pixels.
490 You can supply a single set of co-ordinates as scalar C<x> and C<y>
491 parameters, or set either to an arrayref of ordinates.
493 If one array is shorter than another the final value in the shorter
494 will be duplicated until they match in length.
496 If only one of C<x> or C<y> is an array reference then setpixel() will
497 behave as if the non-reference value were an array reference
498 containing only that value.
502 my $count = $img->setpixel(x => 1, y => [ 0 .. 3 ], color => $color);
506 my $count = $img->setpixel(x => [ 1 ], y => [ 0 .. 3 ], color => $color);
508 and since the final element in the shorter array is duplicated, this
511 my $count = $img->setpixel(x => [ 1, 1, 1, 1 ], y => [ 0 .. 3 ],
520 x, y - either integers giving the co-ordinates of the pixel to set or
521 array references containing a set of pixels to be set.
525 color - the color of the pixels drawn. See L</"Color Parameters">.
530 When called with an array reference in either C<x> or C<y>, returns
531 the number of pixels successfully set, or false if none.
533 When called with scalars for x and y, return $img on success, false on
536 Possible errors conditions include:
540 =item * the image supplied is empty
542 =item * a reference to an empty array was supplied for C<x> or C<y>
544 =item * C<x> or C<y> wasn't supplied
546 =item * C<color> isn't a valid color, and can't be converted to a
551 On any of these errors, setpixel() returns an empty list and sets
556 my $color = $img->getpixel(x=>50, y=>70); my @colors =
557 $img->getpixel(x=>[ 50, 60, 70 ], y=>[20, 30, 40]); my $colors_ref =
558 $img->getpixel(x=>[ 50, 60, 70 ], y=>[20, 30, 40]);
560 getpixel() is used to retrieve one or more individual pixels.
562 You can supply a single set of co-ordinates as scalar C<x> and C<y>
563 parameters, or set each to an arrayref of ordinates.
565 If one array is shorter than another the final value in the shorter
566 will be duplicated until they match in length.
568 If only one of C<x> or C<y> is an array reference then getpixel() will
569 behave as if the non-reference value were an array reference
570 containing only that value.
574 my @colors = $img->getpixel(x => 0, y => [ 0 .. 3 ]);
578 my @colors = $img->getpixel(x => [ 0 ], y => [ 0 .. 3 ]);
580 and since the final element in the shorter array is duplicated, this
583 my @colors = $img->getpixel(x => [ 0, 0, 0, 0 ], y => [ 0 .. 3 ]);
585 To receive floating point colors from getpixel(), set the C<type>
586 parameter to 'float'.
594 C<x>, C<y> - either integers giving the co-ordinates of the pixel to set or
595 array references containing a set of pixels to be set.
599 C<type> - the type of color object to return, either C<'8bit'> for
600 L<Imager::Color> objects or C<'float'> for L<Imager::Color::Float>
601 objects. Default: C<'8bit'>.
605 When called with an array reference for either or C<x> or C<y>,
606 getpixel() will return a list of colors in list context, and an
607 arrayref in scalar context.
609 If a supplied co-ordinate is outside the image then C<undef> is
610 returned for the pixel.
612 Each color is returned as an L<Imager::Color> object or as an
613 L<Imager::Color::Float> object if C<type> is set to C<"float">.
615 Possible errors conditions include:
619 =item * the image supplied is empty
621 =item * a reference to an empty array was supplied for C<x> or C<y>
623 =item * C<x> or C<y> wasn't supplied
625 =item * C<type> isn't a valid value.
629 For any of these errors getpixel() returns an empty list.
633 my $font = Imager::Font->new(file=>"foo.ttf");
634 $img->string(x => 50, y => 70,
635 string => "Hello, World!",
641 Draws text on the image.
649 C<x>, C<y> - the point to draw the text from. If C<align> is 0 this
650 is the top left of the string. If C<align> is 1 (the default) then
651 this is the left of the string on the baseline. Required.
655 C<string> - the text to draw. Required unless you supply the C<text>
660 C<font> - an L<Imager::Font> object representing the font to draw the
665 C<aa> - if non-zero the output will be anti-aliased. Default: the value
666 set in Imager::Font->new() or 0 if not set.
670 C<align> - if non-zero the point supplied in (x,y) will be on the
671 base-line, if zero then (x,y) will be at the top-left of the string.
673 i.e. if drawing the string C<"yA"> and align is 0 the point (x,y) will
674 aligned with the top of the A. If align is 1 (the default) it will be
675 aligned with the baseline of the font, typically bottom of the A,
676 depending on the font used.
678 Default: the value set in Imager::Font->new, or 1 if not set.
682 C<channel> - if present, the text will be written to the specified
683 channel of the image and the color parameter will be ignore.
687 C<color> - the color to draw the text in. Default: the color supplied to
688 Imager::Font->new, or red if none.
692 C<size> - the point size to draw the text at. Default: the size
693 supplied to Imager::Font->new, or 15.
697 C<sizew> - the width scaling to draw the text at. Default: the value
702 C<utf8> - for drivers that support it, treat the string as UTF-8
703 encoded. For versions of perl that support Unicode (5.6 and later),
704 this will be enabled automatically if the C<string> parameter is
705 already a UTF-8 string. See L<Imager::Font/"UTF-8"> for more
710 C<vlayout> - for drivers that support it, draw the text vertically.
711 Note: I haven't found a font that has the appropriate metrics yet.
715 C<text> - alias for the C<string> parameter.
719 On error, string() returns false and you can use $img->errstr to get
720 the reason for the error.
724 Draws text aligned around a point on the image.
726 # "Hello" centered at 100, 100 in the image.
727 my ($left, $top, $right, $bottom) =
728 $img->align_string(string=>"Hello",
730 halign=>'center', valign=>'center',
739 C<x>, C<y> - the point to draw the text from. If C<align> is 0 this
740 is the top left of the string. If C<align> is 1 (the default) then
741 this is the left of the string on the baseline. Required.
745 C<string> - the text to draw. Required unless you supply the C<text>
750 C<font> - an L<Imager::Font> object representing the font to draw the
755 C<aa> - if non-zero the output will be anti-aliased
759 C<valign> - vertical alignment of the text against (x,y)
765 C<top> - Point is at the top of the text.
769 C<bottom> - Point is at the bottom of the text.
773 C<baseline> - Point is on the baseline of the text. This is the default.
777 C<center> - Point is vertically centered within the text.
783 C<halign> - horizontal alignment of the text against (x,y)
789 C<left> - The point is at the left of the text. This is the default.
793 C<start> - The point is at the start point of the text.
797 C<center> - The point is horizontally centered within the text.
801 C<right> - The point is at the right end of the text.
805 C<end> - The point is at the end point of the text.
811 C<channel> - if present, the text will be written to the specified
812 channel of the image and the color parameter will be ignore.
816 C<color> - the color to draw the text in. Default: the color supplied to
817 Imager::Font->new, or red if none.
821 C<size> - the point size to draw the text at. Default: the size supplied
822 to Imager::Font->new, or 15.
826 C<sizew> - the width scaling to draw the text at. Default: the value of
831 C<utf8> - for drivers that support it, treat the string as UTF-8
832 encoded. For versions of perl that support Unicode (5.6 and later),
833 this will be enabled automatically if the C<string> parameter is
834 already a UTF-8 string. See L<Imager::Font/"UTF-8"> for more
839 C<vlayout> - for drivers that support it, draw the text vertically.
840 Note: I haven't found a font that has the appropriate metrics yet.
844 C<text> - alias for the C<string> parameter.
848 On success returns a list of bounds of the drawn text, in the order
849 left, top, right, bottom.
851 On error, align_string() returns an empty list and you can use
852 C<< $img->errstr >> to get the reason for the error.
856 Set all or part of a horizontal line of pixels to an image. This
857 method is most useful in conjunction with L</getscanline()>.
859 The parameters you can pass are:
865 C<y> - vertical position of the scan line. This parameter is required.
869 C<x> - position to start on the scan line. Default: 0
873 C<pixels> - either a reference to an array containing Imager::Color
874 objects, an reference to an array containing Imager::Color::Float
875 objects or a scalar containing packed color data.
877 If C<type> is C<index> then this can either be a reference to an array
878 of palette color indexes or a scalar containing packed indexes.
880 See L</"Packed Color Data"> for information on the format of packed
885 C<type> - the type of pixel data supplied. If you supply an array
886 reference then this is determined automatically. If you supply packed
887 color data this defaults to C<'8bit'>, if your data is packed floating
888 point color data then you need to set this to C<'float'>.
890 You can use C<float> or C<8bit> samples with any image.
892 If this is C<index> then C<pixels> should be either an array of
893 palette color indexes or a packed string of color indexes.
897 Returns the number of pixels set.
899 Each of the following sets 5 pixels from (5, 10) through (9, 10) to
900 blue, red, blue, red, blue:
902 my $red_color = Imager::Color->new(255, 0, 0);
903 my $blue_color = Imager::Color->new(0, 0, 255);
905 $image->setscanline(y=>10, x=>5, pixels=>
906 [ ($blue_color, $red_color) x 2, $blue_color ]);
908 # use floating point color instead, for 16-bit plus images
909 my $red_colorf = Imager::Color::Float->new(1.0, 0, 0);
910 my $blue_colorf = Imager::Color::Float->new(0, 0, 1.0);
912 $image->setscanline(y=>10, x=>5, pixels=>
913 [ ($blue_colorf, $red_colorf) x 2, $blue_colorf ]);
916 $image->setscanline(y=>10, x=>5, pixels=>
917 pack("C*", ((0, 0, 255, 255), (255, 0, 0, 255)) x 2,
920 # packed floating point samples
921 $image->setscanline(y=>10, x=>5, type=>'float', pixels=>
922 pack("d*", ((0, 0, 1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0, 0, 1.0)) x 2,
926 Copy even rows from one image to another:
928 for (my $y = 0; $y < $im2->getheight; $y+=2) {
929 $im1->setscanline(y=>$y,
930 pixels=>scalar($im2->getscanline(y=>$y)));
934 Set the blue channel to 0 for all pixels in an image. This could be
935 done with convert too:
937 for my $y (0..$im->getheight-1) {
938 my $row = $im->getscanline(y=>$y);
939 $row =~ s/(..).(.)/$1\0$2/gs;
940 $im->setscanline(y=>$y, pixels=>$row);
945 Read all or part of a horizontal line of pixels from an image. This
946 method is most useful in conjunction with L</setscanline()>.
948 The parameters you can pass are:
954 C<y> - vertical position of the scan line. This parameter is required.
958 C<x> - position to start on the scan line. Default: 0
962 C<width> - number of pixels to read. Default: $img->getwidth - x
966 C<type> - the type of pixel data to return. Default: C<8bit>.
968 Permitted values are C<8bit> and C<float> and C<index>.
972 In list context this method will return a list of Imager::Color
973 objects when I<type> is C<8bit>, or a list of Imager::Color::Float
974 objects when I<type> if C<float>, or a list of integers when I<type>
977 In scalar context this returns a packed 8-bit pixels when I<type> is
978 C<8bit>, or a list of packed floating point pixels when I<type> is
979 C<float>, or packed palette color indexes when I<type> is C<index>.
981 The values of samples for which the image does not have channels is
982 undefined. For example, for a single channel image the values of
983 channels 1 through 3 are undefined.
985 Check image for a given color:
988 YLOOP: for my $y (0..$img->getheight-1) {
989 my @colors = $img->getscanline(y=>$y);
990 for my $color (@colors) {
991 my ($red, $green, $blue, $alpha) = $color->rgba;
992 if ($red == $test_red && $green == $test_green && $blue == $test_blue
993 && $alpha == $test_alpha) {
1000 Or do it using packed data:
1003 my $test_packed = pack("CCCC", $test_red, $test_green, $test_blue,
1005 YLOOP: for my $y (0..$img->getheight-1) {
1006 my $colors = $img->getscanline(y=>$y);
1007 while (length $colors) {
1008 if (substr($colors, 0, 4, '') eq $test_packed) {
1015 Some of the examples for L</setscanline()> for more examples.
1019 Read specified channels from all or part of a horizontal line of
1020 pixels from an image.
1022 The parameters you can pass are:
1028 C<y> - vertical position of the scan line. This parameter is required.
1032 C<x> - position to start on the scan line. Default: 0
1036 C<width> - number of pixels to read. Default: C<< $img->getwidth - x >>
1040 C<type> - the type of sample data to return. Default: C<8bit>.
1042 Permitted values are C<8bit> and C<float>.
1044 As of Imager 0.61 this can be C<16bit> only for 16 bit images.
1048 C<channels> - a reference to an array of channels to return, where 0
1049 is the first channel. Default: C<< [ 0 .. $self->getchannels()-1 ] >>
1053 C<target> - if an array reference is supplied in target then the samples
1054 will be stored here instead of being returned.
1058 C<offset> - the offset within the array referenced by I<target>
1062 In list context this will return a list of integers between 0 and 255
1063 inclusive when I<type> is C<8bit>, or a list of floating point numbers
1064 between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive when I<type> is C<float>.
1066 In scalar context this will return a string of packed bytes, as with
1067 C< pack("C*", ...) > when I<type> is C<8bit> or a string of packed
1068 doubles as with C< pack("d*", ...) > when I<type> is C<float>.
1070 If the I<target> option is supplied then only a count of samples is
1073 Example: Check if any pixels in an image have a non-zero alpha
1077 for my $y (0 .. $img->getheight()-1) {
1078 my $alpha = $img->getsamples(y=>$y, channels=>[0]);
1079 if ($alpha =~ /[^\0]/) {
1085 Example: Convert a 2 channel gray image into a 4 channel RGBA image:
1087 # this could be done with convert() instead
1088 my $out = Imager->new(xsize => $src->getwidth(),
1089 ysize => $src->getheight(),
1091 for my $y ( 0 .. $src->getheight()-1 ) {
1092 my $data = $src->getsamples(y=>$y, channels=>[ 0, 0, 0, 1 ]);
1093 $out->setscanline(y=>$y, pixels=>$data);
1096 Retrieve 16-bit samples:
1098 if ($img->bits == 16) {
1100 $img->getsamples(x => 0, y => $y, target => \@samples, type => '16bit');
1105 This allows writing of samples to an image.
1113 C<y> - vertical position of the scan line. This parameter is required.
1117 C<x> - position to start on the scan line. Default: 0
1121 C<width> - number of pixels to write. Default: C<< $img->getwidth - x >>.
1122 The minimum of this and the number of pixels represented by the
1123 samples provided will be written.
1127 C<type> - the type of sample data to write. This parameter is required.
1129 This can be C<8bit>, C<float> or for 16-bit images only, C<16bit>.
1133 C<channels> - a reference to an array of channels to return, where 0 is
1134 the first channel. Default: C<< [ 0 .. $self->getchannels()-1 ] >>
1138 C<data> - for a type of C<8bit> or C<float> this can be a reference to
1139 an array of samples or a scalar containing packed samples. If C<data>
1140 is a scalar it may only contain characters from \x00 to \xFF.
1142 For a type of C<16bit> this can only be a reference to an array of
1149 C<offset> - the starting offset within the array referenced by
1150 I<data>. If C<data> is a scalar containing packed samples this offset
1155 Returns the number of samples written.
1157 $targ->setsamples(y => $y, data => \@data);
1159 $targ->setsamples(y => $y, data => \@data, offset => $src->getchannels);
1161 Copy from one image to another:
1163 my $targ = Imager->new(xsize => $src->getwidth,
1164 ysize => $src->getheight, channels => $src->getchannels);
1165 for my $y (0 .. $targ->getheight()-1) {
1166 my $row = $src->getsamples(y => $y)
1167 or die $src->errstr;
1168 $targ->setsamples(y => $y, data => $row)
1169 or die $targ->errstr;;
1172 Compose an image from separate source channels:
1174 my @src = ...; # images to work from, up to 4
1175 my $targ = Imager->new(xsize => $src[0]->getwidth,
1176 ysize => $src[0]->getheight, channels => scalar(@src));
1177 for my $y (0 .. $targ->getheight()-1) {
1178 for my $ch (0 .. $#src) {
1179 my $row = $src[$ch]->getsamples(y => $y, channels => [ 0 ]);
1180 $targ->setsamples(y => $y, data => $row, channels => [ $ch ] );
1186 =head1 Packed Color Data
1188 The getscanline() and setscanline() methods can work with pixels
1189 packed into scalars. This is useful to remove the cost of creating
1190 color objects, but should only be used when performance is an issue.
1192 The getsamples() and setsamples() methods can work with samples packed
1195 Packed data can either be 1 byte per sample or 1 double per sample.
1197 Each pixel returned by getscanline() or supplied to setscanline()
1198 contains 4 samples, even if the image has fewer then 4 channels. The
1199 values of the extra samples as returned by getscanline() is not
1200 specified. The extra samples passed to setscanline() are ignored.
1202 To produce packed 1 byte/sample pixels, use the pack C<C> template:
1204 my $packed_8bit_pixel = pack("CCCC", $red, $blue, $green, $alpha);
1206 To produce packed double/sample pixels, use the pack C<d> template:
1208 my $packed_float_pixel = pack("dddd", $red, $blue, $green, $alpha);
1210 Note that double/sample data is always stored using the C C<double>
1211 type, never C<long double>, even if C<perl> is built with
1214 If you use a I<type> parameter of C<index> then the values are palette
1215 color indexes, not sample values:
1217 my $im = Imager->new(xsize => 100, ysize => 100, type => 'paletted');
1218 my $black_index = $im->addcolors(colors => [ 'black' ]);
1219 my $red_index = $im->addcolors(colors => [ 'red' ]);
1221 my $packed_index_data = pack("C*", $black_index, $red_index);
1222 $im->setscanline(y => $y, pixels => $packed_index_data, type => 'index');
1224 =head1 Combine Types
1226 Some methods accept a C<combine> parameter, this can be any of the
1233 The fill pixel replaces the target pixel.
1237 The fill pixels alpha value is used to combine it with the target pixel.
1243 Each channel of fill and target is multiplied, and the result is
1244 combined using the alpha channel of the fill pixel.
1248 If the alpha of the fill pixel is greater than a random number, the
1249 fill pixel is alpha combined with the target pixel.
1253 The channels of the fill and target are added together, clamped to the range of the samples and alpha combined with the target.
1257 The channels of the fill are subtracted from the target, clamped to be
1258 >= 0, and alpha combined with the target.
1262 The channels of the fill are subtracted from the target and the
1263 absolute value taken this is alpha combined with the target.
1267 The higher value is taken from each channel of the fill and target
1268 pixels, which is then alpha combined with the target.
1272 The higher value is taken from each channel of the fill and target
1273 pixels, which is then alpha combined with the target.
1277 The combination of the saturation and value of the target is combined
1278 with the hue of the fill pixel, and is then alpha combined with the
1283 The combination of the hue and value of the target is combined
1284 with the saturation of the fill pixel, and is then alpha combined with the
1289 The combination of the hue and value of the target is combined
1290 with the value of the fill pixel, and is then alpha combined with the
1295 The combination of the value of the target is combined with the hue
1296 and saturation of the fill pixel, and is then alpha combined with the
1305 Returns a list of possible combine types.
1311 box() does not support anti-aliasing yet. Default color is not
1316 Tony Cook <tonyc@cpan.org>, Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson.
1320 L<Imager>(3), L<Imager::Cookbook>(3)