3 Imager::interface.pod - describes the C level virtual image interface
10 The Imager virtual interface aims to allow image types to be created
11 for special purposes, both to allow consistent access to images with
12 different sample sizes, and organizations, but also to allow creation
13 of synthesized or virtual images.
15 This is a C level interface rather than Perl.
17 =head2 Existing Images
19 As of this writing we have the following concrete image types:
25 8-bit/sample direct images
29 16-bit/sample direct images
33 double/sample direct images
37 8-bit/sample 8-bit/index paletted images
41 Currently there is only one virtual image type:
47 masked images, where a mask image can control write access to an
52 Other possible concrete images include:
58 "bitmaps", 1 bit/sample images (perhaps limited to a single channel)
62 16-bit/index paletted images
66 Some other possible virtual images:
68 =for stopwords GIMP Photoshop
74 image alpha combining, where the combining function can be specified
75 (see the layer modes in graphical editors like the GIMP or Photoshop.
81 Each image type needs to define a number of functions which implement
84 The image structure includes information describes the image, which
85 can be used to determine the structure of the image:
91 C<channels> - the number of samples kept for each pixel in the image.
92 For paletted images the samples are kept for each entry in the
97 C<xsize>, C<ysize> - the dimensions of the image in pixels.
101 C<bytes> - the number of bytes of data kept for the image. Zero for
102 virtual images. Does not include the space required for the palette
107 C<ch_mask> - controls which samples will be written to for direct
112 C<bits> - the number of bits kept for each sample. There are enum
113 values i_8_bits, i_16_bits and i_double_bits (64).
117 C<type> - the type of image, either i_direct_type or i_palette_type.
118 Direct images keep the samples for every pixel image, while
119 i_palette_type images keep an index into a color table for each pixel.
123 C<virtual> - whether the image keeps any pixel data. If this is
124 non-zero then C<idata> points to image data, otherwise it points to
125 implementation defined data, though C<ext_data> is more likely to be
130 C<idata> - image data. If the image is 8-bit direct, non-virtual,
131 then this consists of each sample of the image stored one after
132 another, otherwise it is implementation defined.
136 C<tags> - will be used to store meta-data for an image, eg. tags from
137 a TIFF file, or animation information from a GIF file. This should be
138 initialized with a call to i_tags_new() in your image constructor if
139 creating a new image type.
143 C<ext_data> - for internal use of image types. This is not released
144 by the standard i_img_exorcise() function. If you create a new image
145 type and want to store a pointer to allocated memory here you should
146 point i_f_destroy at a function that will release the data.
150 If a caller has no knowledge of the internal format of an image, the
151 caller must call the appropriate image function pointer. Imager
152 provides macros that wrap these functions, so it isn't necessary to
155 Many functions have a similar function with an 'f' suffix, these take
156 or return samples specified with floating point values rather than
157 8-bit integers (unsigned char). Floating point samples are returned
158 in the range 0 to 1 inclusive.
162 =item i_f_ppix(im,x,y,color)
164 =item i_f_ppixf(im,x,y,fcolor)
166 stores the specified color at pixel (x,y) in the image. If the pixel
167 can be stored return 0, otherwise -1. An image type may choose to
168 return 0 under some circumstances, eg. writing to a masked area of an
169 image. The C<color> or C<fcolor> always contains the actual samples to be
170 written, rather than a palette index.
172 =item i_f_plin(im,l,r,y,colors)
174 =item i_f_plinf(im,l,r,y,fcolors)
176 stores (r-l) pixels at positions (l,y) ... (r-1, y) from the array
177 specified by C<colors> (or C<fcolors>). Returns the number of pixels
178 written to. If l is negative it will return 0. If C<< r > im->xsize
179 >> then only C<< (im->xsize - l) >> will be written.
181 =item i_f_gpix(im,x,y,color)
183 =item i_f_gpixf(im,x,y,fcolor)
185 retrieves a single pixel from position (x,y). This returns the
186 samples rather than the index for paletted images.
188 =item i_f_glin(im,l,r,y,colors)
190 =item i_f_glinf(im,l,r,y,fcolors)
192 retrieves (r-l) pixels from positions (l, y) through (r-1, y) into the
193 array specified by colors. Returns the number of pixels retrieved.
194 If l < 0 no pixels are retrieved. If C<< r > im->xsize >> then pixels
195 C<< (l, y) >> ... C<< (im->xsize-1, y) >> are retrieved. Retrieves
196 the samples rather than the color indexes for paletted images.
198 =item i_f_gsamp(im,l,r,y,samples,chans,chan_count)
200 =item i_f_gsampf(im,l,r,y,fsamples,chans,chan_count)
202 Retrieves samples from channels specified by C<chans> (for length
203 C<chan_count>) from pixels at positions (l,y) ... (r-1, y). If
204 C<chans> is NULL then samples from channels 0 ... C<chan_count-1> will
205 be retrieved. Returns the number of sample retrieved (I<not> the
206 number of channels). If a channel in C<chans> is not present in the
207 image or l < 0, returns 0. If C<< r > im->xsize >>, then the samples
208 from C<(l,y)> ... C<< (im->xsize-1, y) >> are returned.
212 The following are for images where type == i_palette_type only.
216 =item i_f_gpal(im,l,r,y,vals)
218 Retrieves color indexes from the image for pixels (l, y) ... (r-1, y)
219 into C<vals>. Returns the number of indexes retrieved.
221 =item i_f_ppal(im,l,r,y,vals)
223 Stores color indexes into the image for pixels (l, y) ... (r-1, y)
224 from C<vals>. Returns the number of indexes retrieved. If indexes are
225 outside the range of the images palette, then you may have problems
226 reading those pixels with i_gpix() or i_glin().
228 =item i_f_addcolors(im,colors,count)
230 Adds the count colors to the image's palette. Returns the index of
231 the first color added, or -1 if there is not enough space for count
234 =item i_f_getcolors(im,index,colors,count)
236 Retrieves count colors from the image's palette starting from entry
237 index in the palette. Returns non-zero on success.
239 =item i_f_colorcount(im)
241 Returns the number of colors in the image's palette. Returns -1 if
242 this is not a paletted image.
244 =item i_f_maxcolors(im)
246 Returns the maximum number of colors that can fit in the image's
247 palette. Returns -1 if this is not a paletted image.
249 =item i_f_findcolor(im,color,entry)
251 Searches the image's palette for the specified color, setting *entry
252 to the index and returning non-zero. Returns zero if the color is not
255 =item i_f_setcolors_t(im,index,colors,count)
257 Sets count colors starting from index in the image from the array
258 colors. The colors to be set must already have entries in the image's
259 palette. Returns non-zero on success.
263 Finally, the i_f_destroy function pointer can be set which is called
264 when the image is destroyed. This can be used to release memory
265 pointed to by ext_data or release any other resources.
267 When writing to a paletted image with i_ppix() or i_plin() and the
268 color you are writing doesn't exist in the image, then it's possible
269 that the image will be internally converted to a direct image with the
270 same number of channels.
274 Several functions have been written to simplify creating new image types.
276 These tools are available by including F<imagei.h>.
278 =head2 Floating point wrappers
280 These functions implement the floating point sample versions of each
281 interface function in terms of the integer sample version.
300 =head2 Forwarding functions
302 These functions are used in virtual images where the call should
303 simply be forwarded to the underlying image. The underlying image is
304 assumed to be the first pointer in a structure pointed at by ext_data.
306 If this is not the case then these functions will just crash :)
310 =item i_addcolors_forward
312 =item i_getcolors_forward
314 =item i_colorcount_forward
316 =item i_maxcolors_forward
318 =item i_findcolor_forward
320 =item i_setcolors_forward
326 C<Imagei.h> defines several macros for converting samples between
329 Each macro is of the form C<Sample>I<size>C<To>I<size> where I<size> is one
330 of 8, 16, or F (for floating-point samples).
334 =item SampleFTo16(sample)
336 =item Sample16ToF(sample)
338 =item SampleFTo8(sample)
340 =item Sample8ToF(sample)
342 =item Sample16To8(num)
344 =item Sample8To16(num)