4 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS %formats $DEBUG %filters %DSOs $ERRSTR $fontstate %OPCODES $I2P $FORMATGUESS);
82 i_writetiff_wiol_faxable
150 @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
151 bootstrap Imager $VERSION;
155 i_init_fonts(); # Initialize font engines
156 Imager::Font::__init();
157 for(i_list_formats()) { $formats{$_}++; }
159 if ($formats{'t1'}) {
163 if (!$formats{'t1'} and !$formats{'tt'}
164 && !$formats{'ft2'} && !$formats{'w32'}) {
165 $fontstate='no font support';
168 %OPCODES=(Add=>[0],Sub=>[1],Mult=>[2],Div=>[3],Parm=>[4],'sin'=>[5],'cos'=>[6],'x'=>[4,0],'y'=>[4,1]);
172 # the members of the subhashes under %filters are:
173 # callseq - a list of the parameters to the underlying filter in the
174 # order they are passed
175 # callsub - a code ref that takes a named parameter list and calls the
177 # defaults - a hash of default values
178 # names - defines names for value of given parameters so if the names
179 # field is foo=> { bar=>1 }, and the user supplies "bar" as the
180 # foo parameter, the filter will receive 1 for the foo
183 callseq => ['image','intensity'],
184 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_contrast($hsh{image},$hsh{intensity}); }
188 callseq => ['image', 'amount', 'subtype'],
189 defaults => { amount=>3,subtype=>0 },
190 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_noise($hsh{image},$hsh{amount},$hsh{subtype}); }
193 $filters{hardinvert} ={
194 callseq => ['image'],
196 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_hardinvert($hsh{image}); }
199 $filters{autolevels} ={
200 callseq => ['image','lsat','usat','skew'],
201 defaults => { lsat=>0.1,usat=>0.1,skew=>0.0 },
202 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_autolevels($hsh{image},$hsh{lsat},$hsh{usat},$hsh{skew}); }
205 $filters{turbnoise} ={
206 callseq => ['image'],
207 defaults => { xo=>0.0,yo=>0.0,scale=>10.0 },
208 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_turbnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{scale}); }
211 $filters{radnoise} ={
212 callseq => ['image'],
213 defaults => { xo=>100,yo=>100,ascale=>17.0,rscale=>0.02 },
214 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_radnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{rscale},$hsh{ascale}); }
218 callseq => ['image', 'coef'],
220 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_conv($hsh{image},$hsh{coef}); }
224 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
226 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_gradgen($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
229 $filters{nearest_color} ={
230 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
232 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_nearest_color($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
234 $filters{gaussian} = {
235 callseq => [ 'image', 'stddev' ],
237 callsub => sub { my %hsh = @_; i_gaussian($hsh{image}, $hsh{stddev}); },
241 callseq => [ qw(image size) ],
242 defaults => { size => 20 },
243 callsub => sub { my %hsh = @_; i_mosaic($hsh{image}, $hsh{size}) },
247 callseq => [ qw(image bump elevation lightx lighty st) ],
248 defaults => { elevation=>0, st=> 2 },
251 i_bumpmap($hsh{image}, $hsh{bump}{IMG}, $hsh{elevation},
252 $hsh{lightx}, $hsh{lighty}, $hsh{st});
255 $filters{bumpmap_complex} =
257 callseq => [ qw(image bump channel tx ty Lx Ly Lz cd cs n Ia Il Is) ],
268 Ia => Imager::Color->new(rgb=>[0,0,0]),
269 Il => Imager::Color->new(rgb=>[255,255,255]),
270 Is => Imager::Color->new(rgb=>[255,255,255]),
274 i_bumpmap_complex($hsh{image}, $hsh{bump}{IMG}, $hsh{channel},
275 $hsh{tx}, $hsh{ty}, $hsh{Lx}, $hsh{Ly}, $hsh{Lz},
276 $hsh{cd}, $hsh{cs}, $hsh{n}, $hsh{Ia}, $hsh{Il},
280 $filters{postlevels} =
282 callseq => [ qw(image levels) ],
283 defaults => { levels => 10 },
284 callsub => sub { my %hsh = @_; i_postlevels($hsh{image}, $hsh{levels}); },
286 $filters{watermark} =
288 callseq => [ qw(image wmark tx ty pixdiff) ],
289 defaults => { pixdiff=>10, tx=>0, ty=>0 },
293 i_watermark($hsh{image}, $hsh{wmark}{IMG}, $hsh{tx}, $hsh{ty},
299 callseq => [ qw(image xa ya xb yb ftype repeat combine super_sample ssample_param segments) ],
301 ftype => { linear => 0,
307 repeat => { none => 0,
322 multiply => 2, mult => 2,
325 subtract => 5, 'sub' => 5,
335 defaults => { ftype => 0, repeat => 0, combine => 0,
336 super_sample => 0, ssample_param => 4,
339 Imager::Color->new(0,0,0),
340 Imager::Color->new(255, 255, 255),
348 i_fountain($hsh{image}, $hsh{xa}, $hsh{ya}, $hsh{xb}, $hsh{yb},
349 $hsh{ftype}, $hsh{repeat}, $hsh{combine}, $hsh{super_sample},
350 $hsh{ssample_param}, $hsh{segments});
353 $filters{unsharpmask} =
355 callseq => [ qw(image stddev scale) ],
356 defaults => { stddev=>2.0, scale=>1.0 },
360 i_unsharp_mask($hsh{image}, $hsh{stddev}, $hsh{scale});
364 $FORMATGUESS=\&def_guess_type;
372 # NOTE: this might be moved to an import override later on
376 # (look through @_ for special tags, process, and remove them);
378 # print Dumper($pack);
383 my %parms=(loglevel=>1,@_);
385 init_log($parms{'log'},$parms{'loglevel'});
388 # if ($parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}) { $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG}=$parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}; }
389 # if ( $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG} and ( $fontstate eq 'missing conf' )) {
397 print "shutdown code\n";
398 # for(keys %instances) { $instances{$_}->DESTROY(); }
399 malloc_state(); # how do decide if this should be used? -- store something from the import
400 print "Imager exiting\n";
404 # Load a filter plugin
409 my ($DSO_handle,$str)=DSO_open($filename);
410 if (!defined($DSO_handle)) { $Imager::ERRSTR="Couldn't load plugin '$filename'\n"; return undef; }
411 my %funcs=DSO_funclist($DSO_handle);
412 if ($DEBUG) { print "loading module $filename\n"; $i=0; for(keys %funcs) { printf(" %2d: %s\n",$i++,$_); } }
414 for(keys %funcs) { if ($filters{$_}) { $ERRSTR="filter '$_' already exists\n"; DSO_close($DSO_handle); return undef; } }
416 $DSOs{$filename}=[$DSO_handle,\%funcs];
419 my $evstr="\$filters{'".$_."'}={".$funcs{$_}.'};';
420 $DEBUG && print "eval string:\n",$evstr,"\n";
432 if (!$DSOs{$filename}) { $ERRSTR="plugin '$filename' not loaded."; return undef; }
433 my ($DSO_handle,$funcref)=@{$DSOs{$filename}};
434 for(keys %{$funcref}) {
436 $DEBUG && print "unloading: $_\n";
438 my $rc=DSO_close($DSO_handle);
439 if (!defined($rc)) { $ERRSTR="unable to unload plugin '$filename'."; return undef; }
443 # take the results of i_error() and make a message out of it
445 return join(": ", map $_->[0], i_errors());
448 # this function tries to DWIM for color parameters
449 # color objects are used as is
450 # simple scalars are simply treated as single parameters to Imager::Color->new
451 # hashrefs are treated as named argument lists to Imager::Color->new
452 # arrayrefs are treated as list arguments to Imager::Color->new iff any
454 # other arrayrefs are treated as list arguments to Imager::Color::Float
461 if (UNIVERSAL::isa($arg, "Imager::Color")
462 || UNIVERSAL::isa($arg, "Imager::Color::Float")) {
466 if ($arg =~ /^HASH\(/) {
467 $result = Imager::Color->new(%$arg);
469 elsif ($arg =~ /^ARRAY\(/) {
470 if (grep $_ > 1, @$arg) {
471 $result = Imager::Color->new(@$arg);
474 $result = Imager::Color::Float->new(@$arg);
478 $Imager::ERRSTR = "Not a color";
483 # assume Imager::Color::new knows how to handle it
484 $result = Imager::Color->new($arg);
492 # Methods to be called on objects.
495 # Create a new Imager object takes very few parameters.
496 # usually you call this method and then call open from
497 # the resulting object
504 $self->{IMG}=undef; # Just to indicate what exists
505 $self->{ERRSTR}=undef; #
506 $self->{DEBUG}=$DEBUG;
507 $self->{DEBUG} && print "Initialized Imager\n";
508 if ($hsh{xsize} && $hsh{ysize}) { $self->img_set(%hsh); }
512 # Copy an entire image with no changes
513 # - if an image has magic the copy of it will not be magical
517 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
519 my $newcopy=Imager->new();
520 $newcopy->{IMG}=i_img_new();
521 i_copy($newcopy->{IMG},$self->{IMG});
529 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
530 my %input=(left=>0, top=>0, @_);
531 unless($input{img}) {
532 $self->{ERRSTR}="no source image";
535 $input{left}=0 if $input{left} <= 0;
536 $input{top}=0 if $input{top} <= 0;
538 my($r,$b)=i_img_info($src->{IMG});
540 i_copyto($self->{IMG}, $src->{IMG},
541 0,0, $r, $b, $input{left}, $input{top});
542 return $self; # What should go here??
545 # Crop an image - i.e. return a new image that is smaller
549 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
550 my %hsh=(left=>0,right=>0,top=>0,bottom=>0,@_);
552 my ($w,$h,$l,$r,$b,$t)=($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight(),
553 @hsh{qw(left right bottom top)});
554 $l=0 if not defined $l;
555 $t=0 if not defined $t;
557 $r||=$l+delete $hsh{'width'} if defined $l and exists $hsh{'width'};
558 $b||=$t+delete $hsh{'height'} if defined $t and exists $hsh{'height'};
559 $l||=$r-delete $hsh{'width'} if defined $r and exists $hsh{'width'};
560 $t||=$b-delete $hsh{'height'} if defined $b and exists $hsh{'height'};
562 $r=$self->getwidth if not defined $r;
563 $b=$self->getheight if not defined $b;
565 ($l,$r)=($r,$l) if $l>$r;
566 ($t,$b)=($b,$t) if $t>$b;
569 $l=int(0.5+($w-$hsh{'width'})/2);
574 if ($hsh{'height'}) {
575 $b=int(0.5+($h-$hsh{'height'})/2);
576 $t=$h+$hsh{'height'};
578 $hsh{'height'}=$b-$t;
581 # print "l=$l, r=$r, h=$hsh{'width'}\n";
582 # print "t=$t, b=$b, w=$hsh{'height'}\n";
584 my $dst=Imager->new(xsize=>$hsh{'width'}, ysize=>$hsh{'height'}, channels=>$self->getchannels());
586 i_copyto($dst->{IMG},$self->{IMG},$l,$t,$r,$b,0,0);
590 # Sets an image to a certain size and channel number
591 # if there was previously data in the image it is discarded
596 my %hsh=(xsize=>100, ysize=>100, channels=>3, bits=>8, type=>'direct', @_);
598 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
599 # let IIM_DESTROY destroy it, it's possible this image is
600 # referenced from a virtual image (like masked)
601 #i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
605 if ($hsh{type} eq 'paletted' || $hsh{type} eq 'pseudo') {
606 $self->{IMG} = i_img_pal_new($hsh{xsize}, $hsh{ysize}, $hsh{channels},
607 $hsh{maxcolors} || 256);
609 elsif ($hsh{bits} eq 'double') {
610 $self->{IMG} = i_img_double_new($hsh{xsize}, $hsh{ysize}, $hsh{channels});
612 elsif ($hsh{bits} == 16) {
613 $self->{IMG} = i_img_16_new($hsh{xsize}, $hsh{ysize}, $hsh{channels});
616 $self->{IMG}=Imager::ImgRaw::new($hsh{'xsize'}, $hsh{'ysize'},
621 # created a masked version of the current image
625 $self or return undef;
626 my %opts = (left => 0,
628 right => $self->getwidth,
629 bottom => $self->getheight,
631 my $mask = $opts{mask} ? $opts{mask}{IMG} : undef;
633 my $result = Imager->new;
634 $result->{IMG} = i_img_masked_new($self->{IMG}, $mask, $opts{left},
635 $opts{top}, $opts{right} - $opts{left},
636 $opts{bottom} - $opts{top});
637 # keep references to the mask and base images so they don't
639 $result->{DEPENDS} = [ $self->{IMG}, $mask ];
644 # convert an RGB image into a paletted image
648 if (@_ != 1 && !ref $_[0]) {
655 my $result = Imager->new;
656 $result->{IMG} = i_img_to_pal($self->{IMG}, $opts);
658 #print "Type ", i_img_type($result->{IMG}), "\n";
660 $result->{IMG} or undef $result;
665 # convert a paletted (or any image) to an 8-bit/channel RGB images
671 $result = Imager->new;
672 $result->{IMG} = i_img_to_rgb($self->{IMG})
681 my %opts = (colors=>[], @_);
683 @{$opts{colors}} or return undef;
685 $self->{IMG} and i_addcolors($self->{IMG}, @{$opts{colors}});
690 my %opts = (start=>0, colors=>[], @_);
691 @{$opts{colors}} or return undef;
693 $self->{IMG} and i_setcolors($self->{IMG}, $opts{start}, @{$opts{colors}});
699 if (!exists $opts{start} && !exists $opts{count}) {
702 $opts{count} = $self->colorcount;
704 elsif (!exists $opts{count}) {
707 elsif (!exists $opts{start}) {
712 return i_getcolors($self->{IMG}, $opts{start}, $opts{count});
716 i_colorcount($_[0]{IMG});
720 i_maxcolors($_[0]{IMG});
726 $opts{color} or return undef;
728 $self->{IMG} and i_findcolor($self->{IMG}, $opts{color});
733 my $bits = $self->{IMG} && i_img_bits($self->{IMG});
734 if ($bits && $bits == length(pack("d", 1)) * 8) {
743 return i_img_type($self->{IMG}) ? "paletted" : "direct";
749 $self->{IMG} and i_img_virtual($self->{IMG});
753 my ($self, %opts) = @_;
755 $self->{IMG} or return;
757 if (defined $opts{name}) {
761 while (defined($found = i_tags_find($self->{IMG}, $opts{name}, $start))) {
762 push @result, (i_tags_get($self->{IMG}, $found))[1];
765 return wantarray ? @result : $result[0];
767 elsif (defined $opts{code}) {
771 while (defined($found = i_tags_findn($self->{IMG}, $opts{code}, $start))) {
772 push @result, (i_tags_get($self->{IMG}, $found))[1];
779 return map { [ i_tags_get($self->{IMG}, $_) ] } 0.. i_tags_count($self->{IMG})-1;
782 return i_tags_count($self->{IMG});
791 return -1 unless $self->{IMG};
793 if (defined $opts{value}) {
794 if ($opts{value} =~ /^\d+$/) {
796 return i_tags_addn($self->{IMG}, $opts{name}, 0, $opts{value});
799 return i_tags_add($self->{IMG}, $opts{name}, 0, $opts{value}, 0);
802 elsif (defined $opts{data}) {
803 # force addition as a string
804 return i_tags_add($self->{IMG}, $opts{name}, 0, $opts{data}, 0);
807 $self->{ERRSTR} = "No value supplied";
811 elsif ($opts{code}) {
812 if (defined $opts{value}) {
813 if ($opts{value} =~ /^\d+$/) {
815 return i_tags_addn($self->{IMG}, $opts{code}, 0, $opts{value});
818 return i_tags_add($self->{IMG}, $opts{code}, 0, $opts{value}, 0);
821 elsif (defined $opts{data}) {
822 # force addition as a string
823 return i_tags_add($self->{IMG}, $opts{code}, 0, $opts{data}, 0);
826 $self->{ERRSTR} = "No value supplied";
839 return 0 unless $self->{IMG};
841 if (defined $opts{'index'}) {
842 return i_tags_delete($self->{IMG}, $opts{'index'});
844 elsif (defined $opts{name}) {
845 return i_tags_delbyname($self->{IMG}, $opts{name});
847 elsif (defined $opts{code}) {
848 return i_tags_delbycode($self->{IMG}, $opts{code});
851 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Need to supply index, name, or code parameter";
856 # Read an image from file
863 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
864 # let IIM_DESTROY do the destruction, since the image may be
865 # referenced from elsewhere
866 #i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
870 if (!$input{fd} and !$input{file} and !$input{data}) {
871 $self->{ERRSTR}='no file, fd or data parameter'; return undef;
874 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
876 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef;
885 # FIXME: Find the format here if not specified
886 # yes the code isn't here yet - next week maybe?
887 # Next week? Are you high or something? That comment
888 # has been there for half a year dude.
889 # Look, i just work here, ok?
891 if (!$input{'type'} and $input{file}) {
892 $input{'type'}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file});
894 if (!$formats{$input{'type'}}) {
895 $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef;
898 my %iolready=(jpeg=>1, png=>1, tiff=>1, pnm=>1, raw=>1, bmp=>1, tga=>1);
900 if ($iolready{$input{'type'}}) {
902 $IO = defined $fd ? io_new_fd($fd) : io_new_buffer($input{data});
904 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'jpeg' ) {
905 ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_wiol( $IO );
906 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
907 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image'; return undef;
909 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
913 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'tiff' ) {
914 $self->{IMG}=i_readtiff_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
915 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
916 $self->{ERRSTR}=$self->_error_as_msg(); return undef;
918 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a tiff file\n";
922 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'pnm' ) {
923 $self->{IMG}=i_readpnm_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
924 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
925 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read pnm image: '._error_as_msg(); return undef;
927 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a pnm file\n";
931 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'png' ) {
932 $self->{IMG}=i_readpng_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
933 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
934 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read png image';
937 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a png file\n";
940 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'bmp' ) {
941 $self->{IMG}=i_readbmp_wiol( $IO );
942 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
943 $self->{ERRSTR}=$self->_error_as_msg();
946 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a bmp file\n";
949 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'tga' ) {
950 $self->{IMG}=i_readtga_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
951 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
952 $self->{ERRSTR}=$self->_error_as_msg();
953 # $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read tga image';
956 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a tga file\n";
959 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'raw' ) {
960 my %params=(datachannels=>3,storechannels=>3,interleave=>1,%input);
962 if ( !($params{xsize} && $params{ysize}) ) {
963 $self->{ERRSTR}='missing xsize or ysize parameter for raw';
967 $self->{IMG} = i_readraw_wiol( $IO,
970 $params{datachannels},
971 $params{storechannels},
972 $params{interleave});
973 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
974 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read raw image';
977 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a raw file\n";
982 # Old code for reference while changing the new stuff
984 if (!$input{'type'} and $input{file}) {
985 $input{'type'}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file});
988 if (!$input{'type'}) {
989 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef;
992 if (!$formats{$input{'type'}}) {
993 $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported';
998 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
1000 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file';
1004 $fd = $fh->fileno();
1011 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'gif' ) {
1013 if ($input{colors} && !ref($input{colors})) {
1014 # must be a reference to a scalar that accepts the colour map
1015 $self->{ERRSTR} = "option 'colors' must be a scalar reference";
1018 if (exists $input{data}) {
1019 if ($input{colors}) {
1020 ($self->{IMG}, $colors) = i_readgif_scalar($input{data});
1022 $self->{IMG}=i_readgif_scalar($input{data});
1025 if ($input{colors}) {
1026 ($self->{IMG}, $colors) = i_readgif( $fd );
1028 $self->{IMG} = i_readgif( $fd )
1032 # we may or may not change i_readgif to return blessed objects...
1033 ${ $input{colors} } = [ map { NC(@$_) } @$colors ];
1035 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
1036 $self->{ERRSTR}= 'reading GIF:'._error_as_msg();
1039 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a gif file\n";
1045 # Write an image to file
1048 my %input=(jpegquality=>75,
1056 my ($fh, $rc, $fd, $IO);
1058 my %iolready=( tiff=>1, raw=>1, png=>1, pnm=>1, bmp=>1, jpeg=>1, tga=>1 ); # this will be SO MUCH BETTER once they are all in there
1060 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1062 if (!$input{file} and !$input{'fd'} and !$input{'data'}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='file/fd/data parameter missing'; return undef; }
1063 if (!$input{'type'} and $input{file}) {
1064 $input{'type'}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file});
1066 if (!$input{'type'}) {
1067 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension';
1071 if (!$formats{$input{'type'}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
1073 if (exists $input{'fd'}) {
1075 } elsif (exists $input{'data'}) {
1076 $IO = Imager::io_new_bufchain();
1078 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"w+");
1079 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
1080 binmode($fh) or die;
1081 $fd = $fh->fileno();
1084 if ($iolready{$input{'type'}}) {
1086 $IO = io_new_fd($fd);
1089 if ($input{'type'} eq 'tiff') {
1090 if (defined $input{class} && $input{class} eq 'fax') {
1091 if (!i_writetiff_wiol_faxable($self->{IMG}, $IO, $input{fax_fine})) {
1092 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not write to buffer';
1096 if (!i_writetiff_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO)) {
1097 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not write to buffer';
1101 } elsif ( $input{'type'} eq 'pnm' ) {
1102 if ( ! i_writeppm_wiol($self->{IMG},$IO) ) {
1103 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write pnm image';
1106 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a pnm file\n";
1107 } elsif ( $input{'type'} eq 'raw' ) {
1108 if ( !i_writeraw_wiol($self->{IMG},$IO) ) {
1109 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write raw image';
1112 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a raw file\n";
1113 } elsif ( $input{'type'} eq 'png' ) {
1114 if ( !i_writepng_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO) ) {
1115 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write png image';
1118 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a png file\n";
1119 } elsif ( $input{'type'} eq 'jpeg' ) {
1120 if ( !i_writejpeg_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO, $input{jpegquality})) {
1121 $self->{ERRSTR} = $self->_error_as_msg();
1124 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a jpeg file\n";
1125 } elsif ( $input{'type'} eq 'bmp' ) {
1126 if ( !i_writebmp_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO) ) {
1127 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write bmp image';
1130 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a bmp file\n";
1131 } elsif ( $input{'type'} eq 'tga' ) {
1133 if ( !i_writetga_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO, $input{wierdpack}, $input{compress}, $input{idstring}) ) {
1134 $self->{ERRSTR}=$self->_error_as_msg();
1137 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a tga file\n";
1140 if (exists $input{'data'}) {
1141 my $data = io_slurp($IO);
1143 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not slurp from buffer';
1146 ${$input{data}} = $data;
1150 if ( $input{'type'} eq 'gif' ) {
1151 if (not $input{gifplanes}) {
1153 my $count=i_count_colors($self->{IMG}, 256);
1154 $gp=8 if $count == -1;
1155 $gp=1 if not $gp and $count <= 2;
1156 $gp=2 if not $gp and $count <= 4;
1157 $gp=3 if not $gp and $count <= 8;
1158 $gp=4 if not $gp and $count <= 16;
1159 $gp=5 if not $gp and $count <= 32;
1160 $gp=6 if not $gp and $count <= 64;
1161 $gp=7 if not $gp and $count <= 128;
1162 $input{gifplanes} = $gp || 8;
1165 if ($input{gifplanes}>8) {
1166 $input{gifplanes}=8;
1168 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen' || $input{callback}) {
1171 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
1173 $input{make_colors} = 'addi';
1174 $input{translate} = 'perturb';
1175 $input{perturb} = $input{lmdither};
1176 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen') {
1177 # just pass options through
1179 $input{make_colors} = 'webmap'; # ignored
1180 $input{translate} = 'giflib';
1183 if ($input{callback}) {
1184 defined $input{maxbuffer} or $input{maxbuffer} = -1;
1185 $rc = i_writegif_callback($input{callback}, $input{maxbuffer},
1186 \%input, $self->{IMG});
1188 $rc = i_writegif_gen($fd, \%input, $self->{IMG});
1191 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
1192 $rc=i_writegif($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes},$input{lmdither},$input{lmfixed});
1194 $rc=i_writegifmc($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes});
1196 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
1197 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Writing GIF file: "._error_as_msg(); return undef;
1199 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a gif file\n";
1207 my ($class, $opts, @images) = @_;
1209 if ($opts->{'type'} eq 'gif') {
1210 my $gif_delays = $opts->{gif_delays};
1211 local $opts->{gif_delays} = $gif_delays;
1212 unless (ref $opts->{gif_delays}) {
1213 # assume the caller wants the same delay for each frame
1214 $opts->{gif_delays} = [ ($gif_delays) x @images ];
1216 # translate to ImgRaw
1217 if (grep !UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Imager') || !$_->{IMG}, @images) {
1218 $ERRSTR = "Usage: Imager->write_multi({ options }, @images)";
1221 my @work = map $_->{IMG}, @images;
1222 if ($opts->{callback}) {
1223 # Note: you may need to fix giflib for this one to work
1224 my $maxbuffer = $opts->{maxbuffer};
1225 defined $maxbuffer or $maxbuffer = -1; # max by default
1226 return i_writegif_callback($opts->{callback}, $maxbuffer,
1230 return i_writegif_gen($opts->{fd}, $opts, @work);
1233 my $fh = IO::File->new($opts->{file}, "w+");
1235 $ERRSTR = "Error creating $opts->{file}: $!";
1239 return i_writegif_gen(fileno($fh), $opts, @work);
1243 $ERRSTR = "Sorry, write_multi doesn't support $opts->{'type'} yet";
1248 # read multiple images from a file
1250 my ($class, %opts) = @_;
1252 if ($opts{file} && !exists $opts{'type'}) {
1254 my $type = $FORMATGUESS->($opts{file});
1255 $opts{'type'} = $type;
1257 unless ($opts{'type'}) {
1258 $ERRSTR = "No type parameter supplied and it couldn't be guessed";
1264 $file = IO::File->new($opts{file}, "r");
1266 $ERRSTR = "Could not open file $opts{file}: $!";
1270 $fd = fileno($file);
1273 $fd = fileno($opts{fh});
1275 $ERRSTR = "File handle specified with fh option not open";
1282 elsif ($opts{callback} || $opts{data}) {
1286 $ERRSTR = "You need to specify one of file, fd, fh, callback or data";
1290 if ($opts{'type'} eq 'gif') {
1293 @imgs = i_readgif_multi($fd);
1296 if (Imager::i_giflib_version() < 4.0) {
1297 $ERRSTR = "giflib3.x does not support callbacks";
1300 if ($opts{callback}) {
1301 @imgs = i_readgif_multi_callback($opts{callback})
1304 @imgs = i_readgif_multi_scalar($opts{data});
1309 bless { IMG=>$_, DEBUG=>$DEBUG, ERRSTR=>undef }, 'Imager'
1313 $ERRSTR = _error_as_msg();
1318 $ERRSTR = "Cannot read multiple images from $opts{'type'} files";
1322 # Destroy an Imager object
1326 # delete $instances{$self};
1327 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
1328 # the following is now handled by the XS DESTROY method for
1329 # Imager::ImgRaw object
1330 # Re-enabling this will break virtual images
1331 # tested for in t/t020masked.t
1332 # i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
1333 undef($self->{IMG});
1335 # print "Destroy Called on an empty image!\n"; # why did I put this here??
1339 # Perform an inplace filter of an image
1340 # that is the image will be overwritten with the data
1346 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1348 if (!$input{'type'}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing'; return undef; }
1350 if ( (grep { $_ eq $input{'type'} } keys %filters) != 1) {
1351 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter not matching any filter'; return undef;
1354 if ($filters{$input{'type'}}{names}) {
1355 my $names = $filters{$input{'type'}}{names};
1356 for my $name (keys %$names) {
1357 if (defined $input{$name} && exists $names->{$name}{$input{$name}}) {
1358 $input{$name} = $names->{$name}{$input{$name}};
1362 if (defined($filters{$input{'type'}}{defaults})) {
1363 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%{$filters{$input{'type'}}{defaults}},%input);
1365 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%input);
1368 my @cs=@{$filters{$input{'type'}}{callseq}};
1371 if (!defined($hsh{$_})) {
1372 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing parameter '$_' for filter ".$input{'type'}; return undef;
1376 &{$filters{$input{'type'}}{callsub}}(%hsh);
1380 $self->{DEBUG} && print "callseq is: @cs\n";
1381 $self->{DEBUG} && print "matching callseq is: @b\n";
1386 # Scale an image to requested size and return the scaled version
1390 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,'type'=>'max',qtype=>'normal',@_);
1391 my $img = Imager->new();
1392 my $tmp = Imager->new();
1394 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1396 if ($opts{xpixels} and $opts{ypixels} and $opts{'type'}) {
1397 my ($xpix,$ypix)=( $opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth() , $opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight() );
1398 if ($opts{'type'} eq 'min') { $opts{scalefactor}=min($xpix,$ypix); }
1399 if ($opts{'type'} eq 'max') { $opts{scalefactor}=max($xpix,$ypix); }
1400 } elsif ($opts{xpixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
1401 elsif ($opts{ypixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight(); }
1403 if ($opts{qtype} eq 'normal') {
1404 $tmp->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
1405 if ( !defined($tmp->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
1406 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($tmp->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
1407 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
1410 if ($opts{'qtype'} eq 'preview') {
1411 $img->{IMG}=i_scale_nn($self->{IMG},$opts{'scalefactor'},$opts{'scalefactor'});
1412 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
1415 $self->{ERRSTR}='scale: invalid value for qtype'; return undef;
1418 # Scales only along the X axis
1422 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
1424 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1426 my $img = Imager->new();
1428 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
1430 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1431 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
1433 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
1437 # Scales only along the Y axis
1441 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
1443 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1445 my $img = Imager->new();
1447 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getheight(); }
1449 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1450 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
1452 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
1457 # Transform returns a spatial transformation of the input image
1458 # this moves pixels to a new location in the returned image.
1459 # NOTE - should make a utility function to check transforms for
1464 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1466 my (@op,@ropx,@ropy,$iop,$or,@parm,$expr,@xt,@yt,@pt,$numre);
1468 # print Dumper(\%opts);
1471 if ( $opts{'xexpr'} and $opts{'yexpr'} ) {
1473 eval ("use Affix::Infix2Postfix;");
1476 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: expr given and Affix::Infix2Postfix is not avaliable.';
1479 $I2P=Affix::Infix2Postfix->new('ops'=>[{op=>'+',trans=>'Add'},
1480 {op=>'-',trans=>'Sub'},
1481 {op=>'*',trans=>'Mult'},
1482 {op=>'/',trans=>'Div'},
1483 {op=>'-','type'=>'unary',trans=>'u-'},
1485 {op=>'func','type'=>'unary'}],
1486 'grouping'=>[qw( \( \) )],
1487 'func'=>[qw( sin cos )],
1492 @xt=$I2P->translate($opts{'xexpr'});
1493 @yt=$I2P->translate($opts{'yexpr'});
1495 $numre=$I2P->{'numre'};
1498 for(@xt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},$_); } }
1499 for(@yt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},$_); } }
1500 @{$opts{'parm'}}=@pt;
1503 # print Dumper(\%opts);
1505 if ( !exists $opts{'xopcodes'} or @{$opts{'xopcodes'}}==0) {
1506 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no xopcodes given.';
1510 @op=@{$opts{'xopcodes'}};
1512 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
1513 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
1516 push(@ropx,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
1522 if ( !exists $opts{'yopcodes'} or @{$opts{'yopcodes'}}==0) {
1523 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no yopcodes given.';
1527 @op=@{$opts{'yopcodes'}};
1529 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
1530 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
1533 push(@ropy,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
1538 if ( !exists $opts{'parm'}) {
1539 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no parameter arg given.';
1543 # print Dumper(\@ropx);
1544 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
1545 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
1547 my $img = Imager->new();
1548 $img->{IMG}=i_transform($self->{IMG},\@ropx,\@ropy,$opts{'parm'});
1549 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: failed'; return undef; }
1555 my ($opts, @imgs) = @_;
1557 require "Imager/Expr.pm";
1559 $opts->{variables} = [ qw(x y) ];
1560 my ($width, $height) = @{$opts}{qw(width height)};
1562 $width ||= $imgs[0]->getwidth();
1563 $height ||= $imgs[0]->getheight();
1565 for my $img (@imgs) {
1566 $opts->{constants}{"w$img_num"} = $img->getwidth();
1567 $opts->{constants}{"h$img_num"} = $img->getheight();
1568 $opts->{constants}{"cx$img_num"} = $img->getwidth()/2;
1569 $opts->{constants}{"cy$img_num"} = $img->getheight()/2;
1574 $opts->{constants}{w} = $width;
1575 $opts->{constants}{cx} = $width/2;
1578 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No width supplied";
1582 $opts->{constants}{h} = $height;
1583 $opts->{constants}{cy} = $height/2;
1586 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No height supplied";
1589 my $code = Imager::Expr->new($opts);
1591 $Imager::ERRSTR = Imager::Expr::error();
1595 my $img = Imager->new();
1596 $img->{IMG} = i_transform2($opts->{width}, $opts->{height}, $code->code(),
1597 $code->nregs(), $code->cregs(),
1598 [ map { $_->{IMG} } @imgs ]);
1599 if (!defined $img->{IMG}) {
1600 $Imager::ERRSTR = Imager->_error_as_msg();
1609 my %opts=(tx=>0,ty=>0,@_);
1611 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1612 unless ($opts{src} && $opts{src}->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image for source'; return undef; }
1614 unless (i_rubthru($self->{IMG}, $opts{src}->{IMG}, $opts{tx},$opts{ty})) {
1615 $self->{ERRSTR} = $self->_error_as_msg();
1625 my %xlate = (h=>0, v=>1, hv=>2, vh=>2);
1627 return () unless defined $opts{'dir'} and defined $xlate{$opts{'dir'}};
1628 $dir = $xlate{$opts{'dir'}};
1629 return $self if i_flipxy($self->{IMG}, $dir);
1636 if (defined $opts{right}) {
1637 my $degrees = $opts{right};
1639 $degrees += 360 * int(((-$degrees)+360)/360);
1641 $degrees = $degrees % 360;
1642 if ($degrees == 0) {
1643 return $self->copy();
1645 elsif ($degrees == 90 || $degrees == 180 || $degrees == 270) {
1646 my $result = Imager->new();
1647 if ($result->{IMG} = i_rotate90($self->{IMG}, $degrees)) {
1651 $self->{ERRSTR} = $self->_error_as_msg();
1656 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Parameter 'right' must be a multiple of 90 degrees";
1660 elsif (defined $opts{radians} || defined $opts{degrees}) {
1661 my $amount = $opts{radians} || $opts{degrees} * 3.1415926535 / 180;
1663 my $result = Imager->new;
1664 if ($result->{IMG} = i_rotate_exact($self->{IMG}, $amount)) {
1668 $self->{ERRSTR} = $self->_error_as_msg();
1673 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Only the 'right' parameter is available";
1678 sub matrix_transform {
1682 if ($opts{matrix}) {
1683 my $xsize = $opts{xsize} || $self->getwidth;
1684 my $ysize = $opts{ysize} || $self->getheight;
1686 my $result = Imager->new;
1687 $result->{IMG} = i_matrix_transform($self->{IMG}, $xsize, $ysize,
1694 $self->{ERRSTR} = "matrix parameter required";
1700 *yatf = \&matrix_transform;
1702 # These two are supported for legacy code only
1705 return Imager::Color->new(@_);
1709 return Imager::Color::set(@_);
1712 # Draws a box between the specified corner points.
1715 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1716 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1717 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,xmin=>0,ymin=>0,xmax=>$self->getwidth()-1,ymax=>$self->getheight()-1,@_);
1719 if (exists $opts{'box'}) {
1720 $opts{'xmin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1721 $opts{'xmax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1722 $opts{'ymin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1723 $opts{'ymax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1726 if ($opts{filled}) {
1727 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1729 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1732 i_box_filled($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},
1733 $opts{ymax}, $color);
1735 elsif ($opts{fill}) {
1736 unless (UNIVERSAL::isa($opts{fill}, 'Imager::Fill')) {
1737 # assume it's a hash ref
1738 require 'Imager/Fill.pm';
1739 unless ($opts{fill} = Imager::Fill->new(%{$opts{fill}})) {
1740 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1744 i_box_cfill($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},
1745 $opts{ymax},$opts{fill}{fill});
1748 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1750 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1753 i_box($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},
1759 # Draws an arc - this routine SUCKS and is buggy - it sometimes doesn't work when the arc is a convex polygon
1763 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1764 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1765 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,
1766 'r'=>min($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight())/3,
1767 'x'=>$self->getwidth()/2,
1768 'y'=>$self->getheight()/2,
1769 'd1'=>0, 'd2'=>361, @_);
1771 unless (UNIVERSAL::isa($opts{fill}, 'Imager::Fill')) {
1772 # assume it's a hash ref
1773 require 'Imager/Fill.pm';
1774 unless ($opts{fill} = Imager::Fill->new(%{$opts{fill}})) {
1775 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1779 i_arc_cfill($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},$opts{'d1'},
1780 $opts{'d2'}, $opts{fill}{fill});
1783 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1785 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1788 if ($opts{d1} == 0 && $opts{d2} == 361 && $opts{aa}) {
1789 i_circle_aa($self->{IMG}, $opts{'x'}, $opts{'y'}, $opts{'r'},
1793 if ($opts{'d1'} <= $opts{'d2'}) {
1794 i_arc($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},
1795 $opts{'d1'}, $opts{'d2'}, $color);
1798 i_arc($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},
1799 $opts{'d1'}, 361, $color);
1800 i_arc($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},
1801 0, $opts{'d2'}, $color);
1809 # Draws a line from one point to (but not including) the destination point
1813 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1814 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1815 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1817 unless (exists $opts{x1} and exists $opts{y1}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing begining coord'; return undef; }
1818 unless (exists $opts{x2} and exists $opts{y2}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing ending coord'; return undef; }
1820 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1822 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1825 $opts{antialias} = $opts{aa} if defined $opts{aa};
1826 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1827 i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2},
1830 i_draw($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2},
1836 # Draws a line between an ordered set of points - It more or less just transforms this
1837 # into a list of lines.
1841 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1842 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1843 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1845 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1847 if (exists($opts{points})) { @points=@{$opts{points}}; }
1848 if (!exists($opts{points}) and exists($opts{'x'}) and exists($opts{'y'}) ) {
1849 @points=map { [ $opts{'x'}->[$_],$opts{'y'}->[$_] ] } (0..(scalar @{$opts{'x'}}-1));
1852 # print Dumper(\@points);
1854 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1856 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1859 $opts{antialias} = $opts{aa} if defined $opts{aa};
1860 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1863 i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$color);
1870 i_draw($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$color);
1880 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1881 my $dflcl = i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1882 my %opts = (color=>$dflcl, @_);
1884 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1886 if (exists($opts{points})) {
1887 $opts{'x'} = [ map { $_->[0] } @{$opts{points}} ];
1888 $opts{'y'} = [ map { $_->[1] } @{$opts{points}} ];
1891 if (!exists $opts{'x'} or !exists $opts{'y'}) {
1892 $self->{ERRSTR} = 'no points array, or x and y arrays.'; return undef;
1895 if ($opts{'fill'}) {
1896 unless (UNIVERSAL::isa($opts{'fill'}, 'Imager::Fill')) {
1897 # assume it's a hash ref
1898 require 'Imager/Fill.pm';
1899 unless ($opts{'fill'} = Imager::Fill->new(%{$opts{'fill'}})) {
1900 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1904 i_poly_aa_cfill($self->{IMG}, $opts{'x'}, $opts{'y'},
1905 $opts{'fill'}{'fill'});
1908 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1910 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1913 i_poly_aa($self->{IMG}, $opts{'x'}, $opts{'y'}, $color);
1920 # this the multipoint bezier curve
1921 # this is here more for testing that actual usage since
1922 # this is not a good algorithm. Usually the curve would be
1923 # broken into smaller segments and each done individually.
1927 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1928 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1929 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1931 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1933 if (exists $opts{points}) {
1934 $opts{'x'}=map { $_->[0]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1935 $opts{'y'}=map { $_->[1]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1938 unless ( @{$opts{'x'}} and @{$opts{'x'}} == @{$opts{'y'}} ) {
1939 $self->{ERRSTR}='Missing or invalid points.';
1943 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1945 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1948 i_bezier_multi($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$color);
1954 my %opts = ( color=>Imager::Color->new(255, 255, 255), @_ );
1956 unless (exists $opts{'x'} && exists $opts{'y'}) {
1957 $self->{ERRSTR} = "missing seed x and y parameters";
1962 unless (UNIVERSAL::isa($opts{fill}, 'Imager::Fill')) {
1963 # assume it's a hash ref
1964 require 'Imager/Fill.pm';
1965 unless ($opts{fill} = Imager::Fill->new(%{$opts{fill}})) {
1966 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1970 i_flood_cfill($self->{IMG}, $opts{'x'}, $opts{'y'}, $opts{fill}{fill});
1973 my $color = _color($opts{'color'});
1975 $self->{ERRSTR} = $Imager::ERRSTR;
1978 i_flood_fill($self->{IMG}, $opts{'x'}, $opts{'y'}, $color);
1984 # make an identity matrix of the given size
1988 my $matrix = [ map { [ (0) x $size ] } 1..$size ];
1989 for my $c (0 .. ($size-1)) {
1990 $matrix->[$c][$c] = 1;
1995 # general function to convert an image
1997 my ($self, %opts) = @_;
2000 # the user can either specify a matrix or preset
2001 # the matrix overrides the preset
2002 if (!exists($opts{matrix})) {
2003 unless (exists($opts{preset})) {
2004 $self->{ERRSTR} = "convert() needs a matrix or preset";
2008 if ($opts{preset} eq 'gray' || $opts{preset} eq 'grey') {
2009 # convert to greyscale, keeping the alpha channel if any
2010 if ($self->getchannels == 3) {
2011 $matrix = [ [ 0.222, 0.707, 0.071 ] ];
2013 elsif ($self->getchannels == 4) {
2014 # preserve the alpha channel
2015 $matrix = [ [ 0.222, 0.707, 0.071, 0 ],
2020 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
2023 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'noalpha') {
2024 # strip the alpha channel
2025 if ($self->getchannels == 2 or $self->getchannels == 4) {
2026 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
2027 pop(@$matrix); # lose the alpha entry
2030 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
2033 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'red' || $opts{preset} eq 'channel0') {
2035 $matrix = [ [ 1 ] ];
2037 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'green' || $opts{preset} eq 'channel1') {
2038 $matrix = [ [ 0, 1 ] ];
2040 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'blue' || $opts{preset} eq 'channel2') {
2041 $matrix = [ [ 0, 0, 1 ] ];
2043 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'alpha') {
2044 if ($self->getchannels == 2 or $self->getchannels == 4) {
2045 $matrix = [ [ (0) x ($self->getchannels-1), 1 ] ];
2048 # the alpha is just 1 <shrug>
2049 $matrix = [ [ (0) x $self->getchannels, 1 ] ];
2052 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'rgb') {
2053 if ($self->getchannels == 1) {
2054 $matrix = [ [ 1 ], [ 1 ], [ 1 ] ];
2056 elsif ($self->getchannels == 2) {
2057 # preserve the alpha channel
2058 $matrix = [ [ 1, 0 ], [ 1, 0 ], [ 1, 0 ], [ 0, 1 ] ];
2061 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
2064 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'addalpha') {
2065 if ($self->getchannels == 1) {
2066 $matrix = _identity(2);
2068 elsif ($self->getchannels == 3) {
2069 $matrix = _identity(4);
2072 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
2076 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Unknown convert preset $opts{preset}";
2082 $matrix = $opts{matrix};
2085 my $new = Imager->new();
2086 $new->{IMG} = i_img_new();
2087 unless (i_convert($new->{IMG}, $self->{IMG}, $matrix)) {
2088 # most likely a bad matrix
2089 $self->{ERRSTR} = _error_as_msg();
2096 # general function to map an image through lookup tables
2099 my ($self, %opts) = @_;
2100 my @chlist = qw( red green blue alpha );
2102 if (!exists($opts{'maps'})) {
2103 # make maps from channel maps
2105 for $chnum (0..$#chlist) {
2106 if (exists $opts{$chlist[$chnum]}) {
2107 $opts{'maps'}[$chnum] = $opts{$chlist[$chnum]};
2108 } elsif (exists $opts{'all'}) {
2109 $opts{'maps'}[$chnum] = $opts{'all'};
2113 if ($opts{'maps'} and $self->{IMG}) {
2114 i_map($self->{IMG}, $opts{'maps'} );
2119 # destructive border - image is shrunk by one pixel all around
2122 my ($self,%opts)=@_;
2123 my($tx,$ty)=($self->getwidth()-1,$self->getheight()-1);
2124 $self->polyline('x'=>[0,$tx,$tx,0,0],'y'=>[0,0,$ty,$ty,0],%opts);
2128 # Get the width of an image
2132 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
2133 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[0];
2136 # Get the height of an image
2140 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
2141 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[1];
2144 # Get number of channels in an image
2148 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
2149 return i_img_getchannels($self->{IMG});
2156 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
2157 return i_img_getmask($self->{IMG});
2165 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
2166 i_img_setmask( $self->{IMG} , $opts{mask} );
2169 # Get number of colors in an image
2173 my %opts=('maxcolors'=>2**30,@_);
2174 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR}='image is empty'; return undef; }
2175 my $rc=i_count_colors($self->{IMG},$opts{'maxcolors'});
2176 return ($rc==-1? undef : $rc);
2179 # draw string to an image
2183 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
2185 my %input=('x'=>0, 'y'=>0, @_);
2186 $input{string}||=$input{text};
2188 unless(exists $input{string}) {
2189 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'string'";
2193 unless($input{font}) {
2194 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'font'";
2198 unless ($input{font}->draw(image=>$self, %input)) {
2199 $self->{ERRSTR} = $self->_error_as_msg();
2206 # Shortcuts that can be exported
2208 sub newcolor { Imager::Color->new(@_); }
2209 sub newfont { Imager::Font->new(@_); }
2211 *NC=*newcolour=*newcolor;
2218 #### Utility routines
2221 ref $_[0] ? $_[0]->{ERRSTR} : $ERRSTR
2224 # Default guess for the type of an image from extension
2226 sub def_guess_type {
2229 $ext=($name =~ m/\.([^\.]+)$/)[0];
2230 return 'tiff' if ($ext =~ m/^tiff?$/);
2231 return 'jpeg' if ($ext =~ m/^jpe?g$/);
2232 return 'pnm' if ($ext =~ m/^p[pgb]m$/);
2233 return 'png' if ($ext eq "png");
2234 return 'bmp' if ($ext eq "bmp" || $ext eq "dib");
2235 return 'tga' if ($ext eq "tga");
2236 return 'gif' if ($ext eq "gif");
2240 # get the minimum of a list
2244 for(@_) { if ($_<$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
2248 # get the maximum of a list
2252 for(@_) { if ($_>$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
2256 # string stuff for iptc headers
2260 $str = substr($str,3);
2261 $str =~ s/[\n\r]//g;
2268 # A little hack to parse iptc headers.
2273 my($caption,$photogr,$headln,$credit);
2275 my $str=$self->{IPTCRAW};
2279 @ar=split(/8BIM/,$str);
2284 @sar=split(/\034\002/);
2285 foreach $item (@sar) {
2286 if ($item =~ m/^x/) {
2287 $caption=&clean($item);
2290 if ($item =~ m/^P/) {
2291 $photogr=&clean($item);
2294 if ($item =~ m/^i/) {
2295 $headln=&clean($item);
2298 if ($item =~ m/^n/) {
2299 $credit=&clean($item);
2305 return (caption=>$caption,photogr=>$photogr,headln=>$headln,credit=>$credit);
2308 # Autoload methods go after =cut, and are processed by the autosplit program.
2312 # Below is the stub of documentation for your module. You better edit it!
2316 Imager - Perl extension for Generating 24 bit Images
2320 use Imager qw(init);
2323 $img = Imager->new();
2324 $img->open(file=>'image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
2325 || print "failed: ",$img->{ERRSTR},"\n";
2326 $scaled=$img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400);
2327 $scaled->write(file=>'sc_image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
2328 || print "failed: ",$scaled->{ERRSTR},"\n";
2332 Imager is a module for creating and altering images - It is not meant
2333 as a replacement or a competitor to ImageMagick or GD. Both are
2334 excellent packages and well supported.
2338 Almost all functions take the parameters in the hash fashion.
2341 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png');
2345 $img->open(file=>'lena.png');
2347 =head2 Basic concept
2349 An Image object is created with C<$img = Imager-E<gt>new()> Should
2350 this fail for some reason an explanation can be found in
2351 C<$Imager::ERRSTR> usually error messages are stored in
2352 C<$img-E<gt>{ERRSTR}>, but since no object is created this is the only
2353 way to give back errors. C<$Imager::ERRSTR> is also used to report
2354 all errors not directly associated with an image object. Examples:
2356 $img=Imager->new(); # This is an empty image (size is 0 by 0)
2357 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png'); # initializes from file
2359 or if you want to create an empty image:
2361 $img=Imager->new(xsize=>400,ysize=>300,channels=>4);
2363 This example creates a completely black image of width 400 and
2364 height 300 and 4 channels.
2366 If you have an existing image, use img_set() to change it's dimensions
2367 - this will destroy any existing image data:
2369 $img->img_set(xsize=>500, ysize=>500, channels=>4);
2371 To create paletted images, set the 'type' parameter to 'paletted':
2373 $img = Imager->new(xsize=>200, ysize=>200, channels=>3, type=>'paletted');
2375 which creates an image with a maxiumum of 256 colors, which you can
2376 change by supplying the C<maxcolors> parameter.
2378 You can create a new paletted image from an existing image using the
2379 to_paletted() method:
2381 $palimg = $img->to_paletted(\%opts)
2383 where %opts contains the options specified under L<Quantization options>.
2385 You can convert a paletted image (or any image) to an 8-bit/channel
2388 $rgbimg = $img->to_rgb8;
2390 Warning: if you draw on a paletted image with colors that aren't in
2391 the palette, the image will be internally converted to a normal image.
2393 For improved color precision you can use the bits parameter to specify
2396 $img = Imager->new(xsize=>200, ysize=>200, channels=>3, bits=>16);
2398 or for even more precision:
2400 $img = Imager->new(xsize=>200, ysize=>200, channels=>3, bits=>'double');
2402 to get an image that uses a double for each channel.
2404 Note that as of this writing all functions should work on images with
2405 more than 8-bits/channel, but many will only work at only
2406 8-bit/channel precision.
2408 Currently only 8-bit, 16-bit, and double per channel image types are
2409 available, this may change later.
2411 Color objects are created by calling the Imager::Color->new()
2414 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue);
2415 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue, $alpha);
2416 $color = Imager::Color->new("#C0C0FF"); # html color specification
2418 This object can then be passed to functions that require a color parameter.
2420 Coordinates in Imager have the origin in the upper left corner. The
2421 horizontal coordinate increases to the right and the vertical
2424 =head2 Reading and writing images
2426 C<$img-E<gt>read()> generally takes two parameters, 'file' and 'type'.
2427 If the type of the file can be determined from the suffix of the file
2428 it can be omitted. Format dependant parameters are: For images of
2429 type 'raw' two extra parameters are needed 'xsize' and 'ysize', if the
2430 'channel' parameter is omitted for type 'raw' it is assumed to be 3.
2431 gif and png images might have a palette are converted to truecolor bit
2432 when read. Alpha channel is preserved for png images irregardless of
2433 them being in RGB or gray colorspace. Similarly grayscale jpegs are
2434 one channel images after reading them. For jpeg images the iptc
2435 header information (stored in the APP13 header) is avaliable to some
2436 degree. You can get the raw header with C<$img-E<gt>{IPTCRAW}>, but
2437 you can also retrieve the most basic information with
2438 C<%hsh=$img-E<gt>parseiptc()> as always patches are welcome. pnm has no
2439 extra options. Examples:
2441 $img = Imager->new();
2442 $img->read(file=>"cover.jpg") or die $img->errstr; # gets type from name
2444 $img = Imager->new();
2445 { local(*FH,$/); open(FH,"file.gif") or die $!; $a=<FH>; }
2446 $img->read(data=>$a,type=>'gif') or die $img->errstr;
2448 The second example shows how to read an image from a scalar, this is
2449 usefull if your data originates from somewhere else than a filesystem
2450 such as a database over a DBI connection.
2452 When writing to a tiff image file you can also specify the 'class'
2453 parameter, which can currently take a single value, "fax". If class
2454 is set to fax then a tiff image which should be suitable for faxing
2455 will be written. For the best results start with a grayscale image.
2456 By default the image is written at fine resolution you can override
2457 this by setting the "fax_fine" parameter to 0.
2459 If you are reading from a gif image file, you can supply a 'colors'
2460 parameter which must be a reference to a scalar. The referenced
2461 scalar will receive an array reference which contains the colors, each
2462 represented as an Imager::Color object.
2464 If you already have an open file handle, for example a socket or a
2465 pipe, you can specify the 'fd' parameter instead of supplying a
2466 filename. Please be aware that you need to use fileno() to retrieve
2467 the file descriptor for the file:
2469 $img->read(fd=>fileno(FILE), type=>'gif') or die $img->errstr;
2471 For writing using the 'fd' option you will probably want to set $| for
2472 that descriptor, since the writes to the file descriptor bypass Perl's
2473 (or the C libraries) buffering. Setting $| should avoid out of order
2474 output. For example a common idiom when writing a CGI script is:
2476 # the $| _must_ come before you send the content-type
2478 print "Content-Type: image/jpeg\n\n";
2479 $img->write(fd=>fileno(STDOUT), type=>'jpeg') or die $img->errstr;
2481 *Note that load() is now an alias for read but will be removed later*
2483 C<$img-E<gt>write> has the same interface as C<read()>. The earlier
2484 comments on C<read()> for autodetecting filetypes apply. For jpegs
2485 quality can be adjusted via the 'jpegquality' parameter (0-100). The
2486 number of colorplanes in gifs are set with 'gifplanes' and should be
2487 between 1 (2 color) and 8 (256 colors). It is also possible to choose
2488 between two quantizing methods with the parameter 'gifquant'. If set
2489 to mc it uses the mediancut algorithm from either giflibrary. If set
2490 to lm it uses a local means algorithm. It is then possible to give
2491 some extra settings. lmdither is the dither deviation amount in pixels
2492 (manhattan distance). lmfixed can be an array ref who holds an array
2493 of Imager::Color objects. Note that the local means algorithm needs
2494 much more cpu time but also gives considerable better results than the
2495 median cut algorithm.
2497 When storing targa images rle compression can be activated with the
2498 'compress' parameter, the 'idstring' parameter can be used to set the
2499 targa comment field and the 'wierdpack' option can be used to use the
2500 15 and 16 bit targa formats for rgb and rgba data. The 15 bit format
2501 has 5 of each red, green and blue. The 16 bit format in addition
2502 allows 1 bit of alpha. The most significant bits are used for each
2505 Currently just for gif files, you can specify various options for the
2506 conversion from Imager's internal RGB format to the target's indexed
2507 file format. If you set the gifquant option to 'gen', you can use the
2508 options specified under L<Quantization options>.
2510 To see what Imager is compiled to support the following code snippet
2514 print "@{[keys %Imager::formats]}";
2516 When reading raw images you need to supply the width and height of the
2517 image in the xsize and ysize options:
2519 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=>100, ysize=>100)
2520 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
2522 If your input file has more channels than you want, or (as is common),
2523 junk in the fourth channel, you can use the datachannels and
2524 storechannels options to control the number of channels in your input
2525 file and the resulting channels in your image. For example, if your
2526 input image uses 32-bits per pixel with red, green, blue and junk
2527 values for each pixel you could do:
2529 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=>100, ysize=>100, datachannels=>4,
2531 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
2533 Normally the raw image is expected to have the value for channel 1
2534 immediately following channel 0 and channel 2 immediately following
2535 channel 1 for each pixel. If your input image has all the channel 0
2536 values for the first line of the image, followed by all the channel 1
2537 values for the first line and so on, you can use the interleave option:
2539 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=100, ysize=>100, interleave=>1)
2540 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
2542 =head2 Multi-image files
2544 Currently just for gif files, you can create files that contain more
2549 Imager->write_multi(\%opts, @images)
2551 Where %opts describes 4 possible types of outputs:
2557 This is C<gif> for gif animations.
2561 A code reference which is called with a single parameter, the data to
2562 be written. You can also specify $opts{maxbuffer} which is the
2563 maximum amount of data buffered. Note that there can be larger writes
2564 than this if the file library writes larger blocks. A smaller value
2565 maybe useful for writing to a socket for incremental display.
2569 The file descriptor to save the images to.
2573 The name of the file to write to.
2575 %opts may also include the keys from L<Gif options> and L<Quantization
2580 You must also specify the file format using the 'type' option.
2582 The current aim is to support other multiple image formats in the
2583 future, such as TIFF, and to support reading multiple images from a
2589 # ... code to put images in @images
2590 Imager->write_multi({type=>'gif',
2592 gif_delays=>[ (10) x @images ] },
2596 You can read multi-image files (currently only GIF files) using the
2597 read_multi() method:
2599 my @imgs = Imager->read_multi(file=>'foo.gif')
2600 or die "Cannot read images: ",Imager->errstr;
2602 The possible parameters for read_multi() are:
2608 The name of the file to read in.
2612 A filehandle to read in. This can be the name of a filehandle, but it
2613 will need the package name, no attempt is currently made to adjust
2614 this to the caller's package.
2618 The numeric file descriptor of an open file (or socket).
2622 A function to be called to read in data, eg. reading a blob from a
2623 database incrementally.
2627 The data of the input file in memory.
2631 The type of file. If the file is parameter is given and provides
2632 enough information to guess the type, then this parameter is optional.
2636 Note: you cannot use the callback or data parameter with giflib
2637 versions before 4.0.
2639 When reading from a GIF file with read_multi() the images are returned
2644 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
2645 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
2646 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
2648 Note that some viewers will ignore some of these options
2649 (gif_user_input in particular).
2653 =item gif_each_palette
2655 Each image in the gif file has it's own palette if this is non-zero.
2656 All but the first image has a local colour table (the first uses the
2657 global colour table.
2661 The images are written interlaced if this is non-zero.
2665 A reference to an array containing the delays between images, in 1/100
2668 If you want the same delay for every frame you can simply set this to
2669 the delay in 1/100 seconds.
2671 =item gif_user_input
2673 A reference to an array contains user input flags. If the given flag
2674 is non-zero the image viewer should wait for input before displaying
2679 A reference to an array of image disposal methods. These define what
2680 should be done to the image before displaying the next one. These are
2681 integers, where 0 means unspecified, 1 means the image should be left
2682 in place, 2 means restore to background colour and 3 means restore to
2685 =item gif_tran_color
2687 A reference to an Imager::Color object, which is the colour to use for
2688 the palette entry used to represent transparency in the palette. You
2689 need to set the transp option (see L<Quantization options>) for this
2694 A reference to an array of references to arrays which represent screen
2695 positions for each image.
2697 =item gif_loop_count
2699 If this is non-zero the Netscape loop extension block is generated,
2700 which makes the animation of the images repeat.
2702 This is currently unimplemented due to some limitations in giflib.
2704 =item gif_eliminate_unused
2706 If this is true, when you write a paletted image any unused colors
2707 will be eliminated from its palette. This is set by default.
2711 =head2 Quantization options
2713 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
2714 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
2715 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
2721 A arrayref of colors that are fixed. Note that some color generators
2726 The type of transparency processing to perform for images with an
2727 alpha channel where the output format does not have a proper alpha
2728 channel (eg. gif). This can be any of:
2734 No transparency processing is done. (default)
2738 Pixels more transparent that tr_threshold are rendered as transparent.
2742 An error diffusion dither is done on the alpha channel. Note that
2743 this is independent of the translation performed on the colour
2744 channels, so some combinations may cause undesired artifacts.
2748 The ordered dither specified by tr_orddith is performed on the alpha
2753 This will only be used if the image has an alpha channel, and if there
2754 is space in the palette for a transparency colour.
2758 The highest alpha value at which a pixel will be made transparent when
2759 transp is 'threshold'. (0-255, default 127)
2763 The type of error diffusion to perform on the alpha channel when
2764 transp is 'errdiff'. This can be any defined error diffusion type
2765 except for custom (see errdiff below).
2769 The type of ordered dither to perform on the alpha channel when transp
2770 is 'ordered'. Possible values are:
2776 A semi-random map is used. The map is the same each time.
2788 horizontal line dither.
2792 vertical line dither.
2798 diagonal line dither
2804 diagonal line dither
2808 dot matrix dither (currently the default). This is probably the best
2809 for displays (like web pages).
2813 A custom dither matrix is used - see tr_map
2819 When tr_orddith is custom this defines an 8 x 8 matrix of integers
2820 representing the transparency threshold for pixels corresponding to
2821 each position. This should be a 64 element array where the first 8
2822 entries correspond to the first row of the matrix. Values should be
2827 Defines how the quantization engine will build the palette(s).
2828 Currently this is ignored if 'translate' is 'giflib', but that may
2829 change. Possible values are:
2835 Only colors supplied in 'colors' are used.
2839 The web color map is used (need url here.)
2843 The original code for generating the color map (Addi's code) is used.
2847 Other methods may be added in the future.
2851 A arrayref containing Imager::Color objects, which represents the
2852 starting set of colors to use in translating the images. webmap will
2853 ignore this. The final colors used are copied back into this array
2854 (which is expanded if necessary.)
2858 The maximum number of colors to use in the image.
2862 The method used to translate the RGB values in the source image into
2863 the colors selected by make_colors. Note that make_colors is ignored
2864 whene translate is 'giflib'.
2866 Possible values are:
2872 The giflib native quantization function is used.
2876 The closest color available is used.
2880 The pixel color is modified by perturb, and the closest color is chosen.
2884 An error diffusion dither is performed.
2888 It's possible other transate values will be added.
2892 The type of error diffusion dither to perform. These values (except
2893 for custom) can also be used in tr_errdif.
2899 Floyd-Steinberg dither
2903 Jarvis, Judice and Ninke dither
2911 Custom. If you use this you must also set errdiff_width,
2912 errdiff_height and errdiff_map.
2918 =item errdiff_height
2924 When translate is 'errdiff' and errdiff is 'custom' these define a
2925 custom error diffusion map. errdiff_width and errdiff_height define
2926 the size of the map in the arrayref in errdiff_map. errdiff_orig is
2927 an integer which indicates the current pixel position in the top row
2932 When translate is 'perturb' this is the magnitude of the random bias
2933 applied to each channel of the pixel before it is looked up in the
2938 =head2 Obtaining/setting attributes of images
2940 To get the size of an image in pixels the C<$img-E<gt>getwidth()> and
2941 C<$img-E<gt>getheight()> are used.
2943 To get the number of channels in
2944 an image C<$img-E<gt>getchannels()> is used. $img-E<gt>getmask() and
2945 $img-E<gt>setmask() are used to get/set the channel mask of the image.
2947 $mask=$img->getmask();
2948 $img->setmask(mask=>1+2); # modify red and green only
2949 $img->setmask(mask=>8); # modify alpha only
2950 $img->setmask(mask=>$mask); # restore previous mask
2952 The mask of an image describes which channels are updated when some
2953 operation is performed on an image. Naturally it is not possible to
2954 apply masks to operations like scaling that alter the dimensions of
2957 It is possible to have Imager find the number of colors in an image
2958 by using C<$img-E<gt>getcolorcount()>. It requires memory proportionally
2959 to the number of colors in the image so it is possible to have it
2960 stop sooner if you only need to know if there are more than a certain number
2961 of colors in the image. If there are more colors than asked for
2962 the function return undef. Examples:
2964 if (!defined($img->getcolorcount(maxcolors=>512)) {
2965 print "Less than 512 colors in image\n";
2968 The bits() method retrieves the number of bits used to represent each
2969 channel in a pixel, 8 for a normal image, 16 for 16-bit image and
2970 'double' for a double/channel image. The type() method returns either
2971 'direct' for truecolor images or 'paletted' for paletted images. The
2972 virtual() method returns non-zero if the image contains no actual
2973 pixels, for example masked images.
2975 =head2 Paletted Images
2977 In general you can work with paletted images in the same way as RGB
2978 images, except that if you attempt to draw to a paletted image with a
2979 color that is not in the image's palette, the image will be converted
2980 to an RGB image. This means that drawing on a paletted image with
2981 anti-aliasing enabled will almost certainly convert the image to RGB.
2983 You can add colors to a paletted image with the addcolors() method:
2985 my @colors = ( Imager::Color->new(255, 0, 0),
2986 Imager::Color->new(0, 255, 0) );
2987 my $index = $img->addcolors(colors=>\@colors);
2989 The return value is the index of the first color added, or undef if
2990 adding the colors would overflow the palette.
2992 Once you have colors in the palette you can overwrite them with the
2995 $img->setcolors(start=>$start, colors=>\@colors);
2997 Returns true on success.
2999 To retrieve existing colors from the palette use the getcolors() method:
3001 # get the whole palette
3002 my @colors = $img->getcolors();
3003 # get a single color
3004 my $color = $img->getcolors(start=>$index);
3005 # get a range of colors
3006 my @colors = $img->getcolors(start=>$index, count=>$count);
3008 To quickly find a color in the palette use findcolor():
3010 my $index = $img->findcolor(color=>$color);
3012 which returns undef on failure, or the index of the color.
3014 You can get the current palette size with $img->colorcount, and the
3015 maximum size of the palette with $img->maxcolors.
3017 =head2 Drawing Methods
3019 IMPLEMENTATION MORE OR LESS DONE CHECK THE TESTS
3020 DOCUMENTATION OF THIS SECTION OUT OF SYNC
3022 It is possible to draw with graphics primitives onto images. Such
3023 primitives include boxes, arcs, circles, polygons and lines. A
3024 reference oriented list follows.
3027 $img->box(color=>$blue,xmin=>10,ymin=>30,xmax=>200,ymax=>300,filled=>1);
3029 The above example calls the C<box> method for the image and the box
3030 covers the pixels with in the rectangle specified. If C<filled> is
3031 ommited it is drawn as an outline. If any of the edges of the box are
3032 ommited it will snap to the outer edge of the image in that direction.
3033 Also if a color is omitted a color with (255,255,255,255) is used
3037 $img->arc(color=>$red, r=20, x=>200, y=>100, d1=>10, d2=>20 );
3039 This creates a filled red arc with a 'center' at (200, 100) and spans
3040 10 degrees and the slice has a radius of 20. SEE section on BUGS.
3043 $img->circle(color=>$green, r=50, x=>200, y=>100);
3045 This creates a green circle with its center at (200, 100) and has a
3049 $img->line(color=>$green, x1=>10, x2=>100,
3050 y1=>20, y2=>50, aa=>1 );
3052 That draws an antialiased line from (10,100) to (20,50).
3054 The I<antialias> parameter is still available for backwards compatibility.
3057 $img->polyline(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
3058 $img->polyline(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], aa=>1);
3060 Polyline is used to draw multilple lines between a series of points.
3061 The point set can either be specified as an arrayref to an array of
3062 array references (where each such array represents a point). The
3063 other way is to specify two array references.
3065 The I<antialias> parameter is still available for backwards compatibility.
3068 $img->polygon(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
3069 $img->polygon(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2]);
3071 Polygon is used to draw a filled polygon. Currently the polygon is
3072 always drawn antialiased, although that will change in the future.
3073 Like other antialiased drawing functions its coordinates can be
3074 specified with floating point values.
3078 You can fill a region that all has the same color using the
3079 flood_fill() method, for example:
3081 $img->flood_fill(x=>50, y=>50, color=>$color);
3083 will fill all regions the same color connected to the point (50, 50).
3085 The arc(), box(), polygon() and flood_fill() methods can take a
3086 C<fill> parameter which can either be an Imager::Fill object, or a
3087 reference to a hash containing the parameters used to create the fill:
3089 $img->box(xmin=>10, ymin=>30, xmax=>150, ymax=>60,
3090 fill => { hatch=>'cross2' });
3092 my $fill = Imager::Fill->new(hatch=>'stipple');
3093 $img->box(fill=>$fill);
3095 Currently you can create opaque or transparent plain color fills,
3096 hatched fills, image based fills and fountain fills. See
3097 L<Imager::Fill> for more information.
3099 The C<color> parameter for any of the drawing methods can be an
3100 L<Imager::Color> object, a simple scalar that Imager::Color can
3101 understand, a hashref of parameters that Imager::Color->new
3102 understands, or an arrayref of red, green, blue values.
3104 =head2 Text rendering
3106 Text rendering is described in the Imager::Font manpage.
3108 =head2 Image resizing
3110 To scale an image so porportions are maintained use the
3111 C<$img-E<gt>scale()> method. if you give either a xpixels or ypixels
3112 parameter they will determine the width or height respectively. If
3113 both are given the one resulting in a larger image is used. example:
3114 C<$img> is 700 pixels wide and 500 pixels tall.
3116 $newimg = $img->scale(xpixels=>400); # 400x285
3117 $newimg = $img->scale(ypixels=>400); # 560x400
3119 $newimg = $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400); # 560x400
3120 $newimg = $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400,type=>min); # 400x285
3122 $newimg = $img->scale(scalefactor=>0.25); 175x125
3123 $newimg = $img->scale(); # 350x250
3125 if you want to create low quality previews of images you can pass
3126 C<qtype=E<gt>'preview'> to scale and it will use nearest neighbor
3127 sampling instead of filtering. It is much faster but also generates
3128 worse looking images - especially if the original has a lot of sharp
3129 variations and the scaled image is by more than 3-5 times smaller than
3132 If you need to scale images per axis it is best to do it simply by
3133 calling scaleX and scaleY. You can pass either 'scalefactor' or
3134 'pixels' to both functions.
3136 Another way to resize an image size is to crop it. The parameters
3137 to crop are the edges of the area that you want in the returned image.
3138 If a parameter is omited a default is used instead.
3140 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100, top=>10, bottom=>100);
3141 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, top=>10, width=>50, height=>90);
3142 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100); # top
3144 You can also specify width and height parameters which will produce a
3145 new image cropped from the center of the input image, with the given
3148 $newimg = $img->crop(width=>50, height=>50);
3150 The width and height parameters take precedence over the left/right
3151 and top/bottom parameters respectively.
3153 =head2 Copying images
3155 To create a copy of an image use the C<copy()> method. This is usefull
3156 if you want to keep an original after doing something that changes the image
3157 inplace like writing text.
3161 To copy an image to onto another image use the C<paste()> method.
3163 $dest->paste(left=>40,top=>20,img=>$logo);
3165 That copies the entire C<$logo> image onto the C<$dest> image so that the
3166 upper left corner of the C<$logo> image is at (40,20).
3169 =head2 Flipping images
3171 An inplace horizontal or vertical flip is possible by calling the
3172 C<flip()> method. If the original is to be preserved it's possible to
3173 make a copy first. The only parameter it takes is the C<dir>
3174 parameter which can take the values C<h>, C<v>, C<vh> and C<hv>.
3176 $img->flip(dir=>"h"); # horizontal flip
3177 $img->flip(dir=>"vh"); # vertical and horizontal flip
3178 $nimg = $img->copy->flip(dir=>"v"); # make a copy and flip it vertically
3180 =head2 Rotating images
3182 Use the rotate() method to rotate an image. This method will return a
3185 To rotate by an exact amount in degrees or radians, use the 'degrees'
3186 or 'radians' parameter:
3188 my $rot20 = $img->rotate(degrees=>20);
3189 my $rotpi4 = $img->rotate(radians=>3.14159265/4);
3191 Exact image rotation uses the same underlying transformation engine as
3192 the matrix_transform() method.
3194 To rotate in steps of 90 degrees, use the 'right' parameter:
3196 my $rotated = $img->rotate(right=>270);
3198 Rotations are clockwise for positive values.
3200 =head2 Blending Images
3202 To put an image or a part of an image directly
3203 into another it is best to call the C<paste()> method on the image you
3206 $img->paste(img=>$srcimage,left=>30,top=>50);
3208 That will take paste C<$srcimage> into C<$img> with the upper
3209 left corner at (30,50). If no values are given for C<left>
3210 or C<top> they will default to 0.
3212 A more complicated way of blending images is where one image is
3213 put 'over' the other with a certain amount of opaqueness. The
3214 method that does this is rubthrough.
3216 $img->rubthrough(src=>$srcimage,tx=>30,ty=>50);
3218 That will take the image C<$srcimage> and overlay it with the upper
3219 left corner at (30,50). You can rub 2 or 4 channel images onto a 3
3220 channel image, or a 2 channel image onto a 1 channel image. The last
3221 channel is used as an alpha channel.
3226 A special image method is the filter method. An example is:
3228 $img->filter(type=>'autolevels');
3230 This will call the autolevels filter. Here is a list of the filters
3231 that are always avaliable in Imager. This list can be obtained by
3232 running the C<filterlist.perl> script that comes with the module
3236 autolevels lsat(0.1) usat(0.1) skew(0)
3237 bumpmap bump elevation(0) lightx lighty st(2)
3238 bumpmap_complex bump channel(0) tx(0) ty(0) Lx(0.2) Ly(0.4)
3239 Lz(-1) cd(1.0) cs(40.0) n(1.3) Ia(0 0 0) Il(255 255 255)
3243 fountain xa ya xb yb ftype(linear) repeat(none) combine(none)
3244 super_sample(none) ssample_param(4) segments(see below)
3246 gradgen xo yo colors dist
3249 noise amount(3) subtype(0)
3250 postlevels levels(10)
3251 radnoise xo(100) yo(100) ascale(17.0) rscale(0.02)
3252 turbnoise xo(0.0) yo(0.0) scale(10.0)
3253 unsharpmask stddev(2.0) scale(1.0)
3254 watermark wmark pixdiff(10) tx(0) ty(0)
3256 The default values are in parenthesis. All parameters must have some
3257 value but if a parameter has a default value it may be omitted when
3258 calling the filter function.
3266 scales the value of each channel so that the values in the image will
3267 cover the whole possible range for the channel. I<lsat> and I<usat>
3268 truncate the range by the specified fraction at the top and bottom of
3269 the range respectivly..
3273 uses the channel I<elevation> image I<bump> as a bumpmap on your
3274 image, with the light at (I<lightx>, I<lightty>), with a shadow length
3277 =item bumpmap_complex
3279 uses the channel I<channel> image I<bump> as a bumpmap on your image.
3280 If Lz<0 the three L parameters are considered to be the direction of
3281 the light. If Lz>0 the L parameters are considered to be the light
3282 position. I<Ia> is the ambient colour, I<Il> is the light colour,
3283 I<Is> is the color of specular highlights. I<cd> is the diffuse
3284 coefficient and I<cs> is the specular coefficient. I<n> is the
3285 shininess of the surface.
3289 scales each channel by I<intensity>. Values of I<intensity> < 1.0
3290 will reduce the contrast.
3294 performs 2 1-dimensional convolutions on the image using the values
3295 from I<coef>. I<coef> should be have an odd length.
3299 renders a fountain fill, similar to the gradient tool in most paint
3300 software. The default fill is a linear fill from opaque black to
3301 opaque white. The points A(xa, ya) and B(xb, yb) control the way the
3302 fill is performed, depending on the ftype parameter:
3308 the fill ramps from A through to B.
3312 the fill ramps in both directions from A, where AB defines the length
3317 A is the center of a circle, and B is a point on it's circumference.
3318 The fill ramps from the center out to the circumference.
3322 A is the center of a square and B is the center of one of it's sides.
3323 This can be used to rotate the square. The fill ramps out to the
3324 edges of the square.
3328 A is the centre of a circle and B is a point on it's circumference. B
3329 marks the 0 and 360 point on the circle, with the fill ramping
3334 A is the center of a circle and B is a point on it's circumference. B
3335 marks the 0 and point on the circle, with the fill ramping in both
3336 directions to meet opposite.
3340 The I<repeat> option controls how the fill is repeated for some
3341 I<ftype>s after it leaves the AB range:
3347 no repeats, points outside of each range are treated as if they were
3348 on the extreme end of that range.
3352 the fill simply repeats in the positive direction
3356 the fill repeats in reverse and then forward and so on, in the
3361 the fill repeats in both the positive and negative directions (only
3362 meaningful for a linear fill).
3366 as for triangle, but in the negative direction too (only meaningful
3371 By default the fill simply overwrites the whole image (unless you have
3372 parts of the range 0 through 1 that aren't covered by a segment), if
3373 any segments of your fill have any transparency, you can set the
3374 I<combine> option to 'normal' to have the fill combined with the
3375 existing pixels. See the description of I<combine> in L<Imager/Fill>.
3377 If your fill has sharp edges, for example between steps if you use
3378 repeat set to 'triangle', you may see some aliased or ragged edges.
3379 You can enable super-sampling which will take extra samples within the
3380 pixel in an attempt anti-alias the fill.
3382 The possible values for the super_sample option are:
3388 no super-sampling is done
3392 a square grid of points are sampled. The number of points sampled is
3393 the square of ceil(0.5 + sqrt(ssample_param)).
3397 a random set of points within the pixel are sampled. This looks
3398 pretty bad for low ssample_param values.
3402 the points on the radius of a circle within the pixel are sampled.
3403 This seems to produce the best results, but is fairly slow (for now).
3407 You can control the level of sampling by setting the ssample_param
3408 option. This is roughly the number of points sampled, but depends on
3409 the type of sampling.
3411 The segments option is an arrayref of segments. You really should use
3412 the Imager::Fountain class to build your fountain fill. Each segment
3413 is an array ref containing:
3419 a floating point number between 0 and 1, the start of the range of fill parameters covered by this segment.
3423 a floating point number between start and end which can be used to
3424 push the color range towards one end of the segment.
3428 a floating point number between 0 and 1, the end of the range of fill
3429 parameters covered by this segment. This should be greater than
3436 The colors at each end of the segment. These can be either
3437 Imager::Color or Imager::Color::Float objects.
3441 The type of segment, this controls the way the fill parameter varies
3442 over the segment. 0 for linear, 1 for curved (unimplemented), 2 for
3443 sine, 3 for sphere increasing, 4 for sphere decreasing.
3447 The way the color varies within the segment, 0 for simple RGB, 1 for
3448 hue increasing and 2 for hue decreasing.
3452 Don't forgot to use Imager::Fountain instead of building your own.
3453 Really. It even loads GIMP gradient files.
3457 performs a gaussian blur of the image, using I<stddev> as the standard
3458 deviation of the curve used to combine pixels, larger values give
3459 bigger blurs. For a definition of Gaussian Blur, see:
3461 http://www.maths.abdn.ac.uk/~igc/tch/mx4002/notes/node99.html
3465 renders a gradient, with the given I<colors> at the corresponding
3466 points (x,y) in I<xo> and I<yo>. You can specify the way distance is
3467 measured for color blendeing by setting I<dist> to 0 for Euclidean, 1
3468 for Euclidean squared, and 2 for Manhattan distance.
3472 inverts the image, black to white, white to black. All channels are
3473 inverted, including the alpha channel if any.
3477 produces averaged tiles of the given I<size>.
3481 adds noise of the given I<amount> to the image. If I<subtype> is
3482 zero, the noise is even to each channel, otherwise noise is added to
3483 each channel independently.
3487 renders radiant Perlin turbulent noise. The centre of the noise is at
3488 (I<xo>, I<yo>), I<ascale> controls the angular scale of the noise ,
3489 and I<rscale> the radial scale, higher numbers give more detail.
3493 alters the image to have only I<levels> distinct level in each
3498 renders Perlin turbulent noise. (I<xo>, I<yo>) controls the origin of
3499 the noise, and I<scale> the scale of the noise, with lower numbers
3504 performs an unsharp mask on the image. This is the result of
3505 subtracting a gaussian blurred version of the image from the original.
3506 I<stddev> controls the stddev parameter of the gaussian blur. Each
3507 output pixel is: in + I<scale> * (in - blurred).
3511 applies I<wmark> as a watermark on the image with strength I<pixdiff>,
3512 with an origin at (I<tx>, I<ty>)
3516 A demonstration of most of the filters can be found at:
3518 http://www.develop-help.com/imager/filters.html
3520 (This is a slow link.)
3522 =head2 Color transformations
3524 You can use the convert method to transform the color space of an
3525 image using a matrix. For ease of use some presets are provided.
3527 The convert method can be used to:
3533 convert an RGB or RGBA image to grayscale.
3537 convert a grayscale image to RGB.
3541 extract a single channel from an image.
3545 set a given channel to a particular value (or from another channel)
3549 The currently defined presets are:
3557 converts an RGBA image into a grayscale image with alpha channel, or
3558 an RGB image into a grayscale image without an alpha channel.
3560 This weights the RGB channels at 22.2%, 70.7% and 7.1% respectively.
3564 removes the alpha channel from a 2 or 4 channel image. An identity
3571 extracts the first channel of the image into a single channel image
3577 extracts the second channel of the image into a single channel image
3583 extracts the third channel of the image into a single channel image
3587 extracts the alpha channel of the image into a single channel image.
3589 If the image has 1 or 3 channels (assumed to be grayscale of RGB) then
3590 the resulting image will be all white.
3594 converts a grayscale image to RGB, preserving the alpha channel if any
3598 adds an alpha channel to a grayscale or RGB image. Preserves an
3599 existing alpha channel for a 2 or 4 channel image.
3603 For example, to convert an RGB image into a greyscale image:
3605 $new = $img->convert(preset=>'grey'); # or gray
3607 or to convert a grayscale image to an RGB image:
3609 $new = $img->convert(preset=>'rgb');
3611 The presets aren't necessary simple constants in the code, some are
3612 generated based on the number of channels in the input image.
3614 If you want to perform some other colour transformation, you can use
3615 the 'matrix' parameter.
3617 For each output pixel the following matrix multiplication is done:
3619 channel[0] [ [ $c00, $c01, ... ] inchannel[0]
3620 [ ... ] = ... x [ ... ]
3621 channel[n-1] [ $cn0, ..., $cnn ] ] inchannel[max]
3624 So if you want to swap the red and green channels on a 3 channel image:
3626 $new = $img->convert(matrix=>[ [ 0, 1, 0 ],
3630 or to convert a 3 channel image to greyscale using equal weightings:
3632 $new = $img->convert(matrix=>[ [ 0.333, 0.333, 0.334 ] ])
3634 =head2 Color Mappings
3636 You can use the map method to map the values of each channel of an
3637 image independently using a list of lookup tables. It's important to
3638 realize that the modification is made inplace. The function simply
3639 returns the input image again or undef on failure.
3641 Each channel is mapped independently through a lookup table with 256
3642 entries. The elements in the table should not be less than 0 and not
3643 greater than 255. If they are out of the 0..255 range they are
3644 clamped to the range. If a table does not contain 256 entries it is
3647 Single channels can mapped by specifying their name and the mapping
3648 table. The channel names are C<red>, C<green>, C<blue>, C<alpha>.
3650 @map = map { int( $_/2 } 0..255;
3651 $img->map( red=>\@map );
3653 It is also possible to specify a single map that is applied to all
3654 channels, alpha channel included. For example this applies a gamma
3655 correction with a gamma of 1.4 to the input image.
3658 @map = map { int( 0.5 + 255*($_/255)**$gamma ) } 0..255;
3659 $img->map(all=> \@map);
3661 The C<all> map is used as a default channel, if no other map is
3662 specified for a channel then the C<all> map is used instead. If we
3663 had not wanted to apply gamma to the alpha channel we would have used:
3665 $img->map(all=> \@map, alpha=>[]);
3667 Since C<[]> contains fewer than 256 element the gamma channel is
3670 It is also possible to simply specify an array of maps that are
3671 applied to the images in the rgba order. For example to apply
3672 maps to the C<red> and C<blue> channels one would use:
3674 $img->map(maps=>[\@redmap, [], \@bluemap]);
3678 =head2 Transformations
3680 Another special image method is transform. It can be used to generate
3681 warps and rotations and such features. It can be given the operations
3682 in postfix notation or the module Affix::Infix2Postfix can be used.
3683 Look in the test case t/t55trans.t for an example.
3685 transform() needs expressions (or opcodes) that determine the source
3686 pixel for each target pixel. Source expressions are infix expressions
3687 using any of the +, -, *, / or ** binary operators, the - unary
3688 operator, ( and ) for grouping and the sin() and cos() functions. The
3689 target pixel is input as the variables x and y.
3691 You specify the x and y expressions as xexpr and yexpr respectively.
3692 You can also specify opcodes directly, but that's magic deep enough
3693 that you can look at the source code.
3695 You can still use the transform() function, but the transform2()
3696 function is just as fast and is more likely to be enhanced and
3699 Later versions of Imager also support a transform2() class method
3700 which allows you perform a more general set of operations, rather than
3701 just specifying a spatial transformation as with the transform()
3702 method, you can also perform colour transformations, image synthesis
3703 and image combinations.
3705 transform2() takes an reference to an options hash, and a list of
3706 images to operate one (this list may be empty):
3711 my $img = Imager::transform2(\%opts, @imgs)
3712 or die "transform2 failed: $Imager::ERRSTR";
3714 The options hash may define a transformation function, and optionally:
3720 width - the width of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied the
3721 width of the first input image is used. If there are no input images
3726 height - the height of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied
3727 the height of the first input image is used. If there are no input
3728 images an error occurs.
3732 constants - a reference to hash of constants to define for the
3733 expression engine. Some extra constants are defined by Imager
3737 The tranformation function is specified using either the expr or
3738 rpnexpr member of the options.
3742 =item Infix expressions
3744 You can supply infix expressions to transform 2 with the expr keyword.
3746 $opts{expr} = 'return getp1(w-x, h-y)'
3748 The 'expression' supplied follows this general grammar:
3750 ( identifier '=' expr ';' )* 'return' expr
3752 This allows you to simplify your expressions using variables.
3754 A more complex example might be:
3756 $opts{expr} = 'pix = getp1(x,y); return if(value(pix)>0.8,pix*0.8,pix)'
3758 Currently to use infix expressions you must have the Parse::RecDescent
3759 module installed (available from CPAN). There is also what might be a
3760 significant delay the first time you run the infix expression parser
3761 due to the compilation of the expression grammar.
3763 =item Postfix expressions
3765 You can supply postfix or reverse-polish notation expressions to
3766 transform2() through the rpnexpr keyword.
3768 The parser for rpnexpr emulates a stack machine, so operators will
3769 expect to see their parameters on top of the stack. A stack machine
3770 isn't actually used during the image transformation itself.
3772 You can store the value at the top of the stack in a variable called
3773 foo using !foo and retrieve that value again using @foo. The !foo
3774 notation will pop the value from the stack.
3776 An example equivalent to the infix expression above:
3778 $opts{rpnexpr} = 'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.8 gt @pix 0.8 * @pix ifp'
3782 transform2() has a fairly rich range of operators.
3786 =item +, *, -, /, %, **
3788 multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, remainder and
3789 exponentiation. Multiplication, addition and subtraction can be used
3790 on colour values too - though you need to be careful - adding 2 white
3791 values together and multiplying by 0.5 will give you grey, not white.
3793 Division by zero (or a small number) just results in a large number.
3794 Modulo zero (or a small number) results in zero.
3796 =item sin(N), cos(N), atan2(y,x)
3798 Some basic trig functions. They work in radians, so you can't just
3801 =item distance(x1, y1, x2, y2)
3803 Find the distance between two points. This is handy (along with
3804 atan2()) for producing circular effects.
3808 Find the square root. I haven't had much use for this since adding
3809 the distance() function.
3813 Find the absolute value.
3815 =item getp1(x,y), getp2(x,y), getp3(x, y)
3817 Get the pixel at position (x,y) from the first, second or third image
3818 respectively. I may add a getpn() function at some point, but this
3819 prevents static checking of the instructions against the number of
3820 images actually passed in.
3822 =item value(c), hue(c), sat(c), hsv(h,s,v)
3824 Separates a colour value into it's value (brightness), hue (colour)
3825 and saturation elements. Use hsv() to put them back together (after
3826 suitable manipulation).
3828 =item red(c), green(c), blue(c), rgb(r,g,b)
3830 Separates a colour value into it's red, green and blue colours. Use
3831 rgb(r,g,b) to put it back together.
3835 Convert a value to an integer. Uses a C int cast, so it may break on
3838 =item if(cond,ntrue,nfalse), if(cond,ctrue,cfalse)
3840 A simple (and inefficient) if function.
3842 =item <=,<,==,>=,>,!=
3844 Relational operators (typically used with if()). Since we're working
3845 with floating point values the equalities are 'near equalities' - an
3846 epsilon value is used.
3848 =item &&, ||, not(n)
3850 Basic logical operators.
3858 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.7 gt @pat @pix ifp'
3860 tiles a smaller version of the input image over itself where the
3861 colour has a saturation over 0.7.
3863 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat y 360 / !rat x y getp1 1 @rat - pmult @pat @rat pmult padd'
3865 tiles the input image over itself so that at the top of the image the
3866 full-size image is at full strength and at the bottom the tiling is
3869 =item rpnexpr=>'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.96 gt @pix sat 0.1 lt and 128 128 255 rgb @pix ifp'
3871 replace pixels that are white or almost white with a palish blue
3873 =item rpnexpr=>'x 35 % 10 * y 45 % 8 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.2 lt @pix value 0.9 gt and @pix @pat @pix value 2 / 0.5 + pmult ifp'
3875 Tiles the input image overitself where the image isn't white or almost
3878 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a2 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
3882 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
3884 A spiral built on top of a colour wheel.
3888 For details on expression parsing see L<Imager::Expr>. For details on
3889 the virtual machine used to transform the images, see
3890 L<Imager::regmach.pod>.
3892 =head2 Matrix Transformations
3894 Rather than having to write code in a little language, you can use a
3895 matrix to perform transformations, using the matrix_transform()
3898 my $im2 = $im->matrix_transform(matrix=>[ -1, 0, $im->getwidth-1,
3902 By default the output image will be the same size as the input image,
3903 but you can supply the xsize and ysize parameters to change the size.
3905 Rather than building matrices by hand you can use the Imager::Matrix2d
3906 module to build the matrices. This class has methods to allow you to
3907 scale, shear, rotate, translate and reflect, and you can combine these
3908 with an overloaded multiplication operator.
3910 WARNING: the matrix you provide in the matrix operator transforms the
3911 co-ordinates within the B<destination> image to the co-ordinates
3912 within the I<source> image. This can be confusing.
3914 Since Imager has 3 different fairly general ways of transforming an
3915 image spatially, this method also has a yatf() alias. Yet Another
3916 Transformation Function.
3918 =head2 Masked Images
3920 Masked images let you control which pixels are modified in an
3921 underlying image. Where the first channel is completely black in the
3922 mask image, writes to the underlying image are ignored.
3924 For example, given a base image called $img:
3926 my $mask = Imager->new(xsize=>$img->getwidth, ysize=>getheight,
3928 # ... draw something on the mask
3929 my $maskedimg = $img->masked(mask=>$mask);
3931 You can specifiy the region of the underlying image that is masked
3932 using the left, top, right and bottom options.
3934 If you just want a subset of the image, without masking, just specify
3935 the region without specifying a mask.
3939 It is possible to add filters to the module without recompiling the
3940 module itself. This is done by using DSOs (Dynamic shared object)
3941 avaliable on most systems. This way you can maintain our own filters
3942 and not have to get me to add it, or worse patch every new version of
3943 the Module. Modules can be loaded AND UNLOADED at runtime. This
3944 means that you can have a server/daemon thingy that can do something
3947 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
3948 %hsh=(a=>35,b=>200,type=>lin_stretch);
3950 unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
3951 $img->write(type=>'pnm',file=>'testout/t60.jpg')
3952 || die "error in write()\n";
3954 Someone decides that the filter is not working as it should -
3955 dyntest.c modified and recompiled.
3957 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
3960 An example plugin comes with the module - Please send feedback to
3961 addi@umich.edu if you test this.
3963 Note: This seems to test ok on the following systems:
3964 Linux, Solaris, HPUX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, TRU64/OSF1, AIX.
3965 If you test this on other systems please let me know.
3969 Image tags contain meta-data about the image, ie. information not
3970 stored as pixels of the image.
3972 At the perl level each tag has a name or code and a value, which is an
3973 integer or an arbitrary string. An image can contain more than one
3974 tag with the same name or code.
3976 You can retrieve tags from an image using the tags() method, you can
3977 get all of the tags in an image, as a list of array references, with
3978 the code or name of the tag followed by the value of the tag:
3980 my @alltags = $img->tags;
3982 or you can get all tags that have a given name:
3984 my @namedtags = $img->tags(name=>$name);
3988 my @tags = $img->tags(code=>$code);
3990 You can add tags using the addtag() method, either by name:
3992 my $index = $img->addtag(name=>$name, value=>$value);
3996 my $index = $img->addtag(code=>$code, value=>$value);
3998 You can remove tags with the deltag() method, either by index:
4000 $img->deltag(index=>$index);
4004 $img->deltag(name=>$name);
4008 $img->deltag(code=>$code);
4010 In each case deltag() returns the number of tags deleted.
4012 When you read a GIF image using read_multi(), each image can include
4019 the offset of the image from the left of the "screen" ("Image Left
4024 the offset of the image from the top of the "screen" ("Image Top Position")
4028 non-zero if the image was interlaced ("Interlace Flag")
4030 =item gif_screen_width
4032 =item gif_screen_height
4034 the size of the logical screen ("Logical Screen Width",
4035 "Logical Screen Height")
4039 Non-zero if this image had a local color map.
4041 =item gif_background
4043 The index in the global colormap of the logical screen's background
4044 color. This is only set if the current image uses the global
4047 =item gif_trans_index
4049 The index of the color in the colormap used for transparency. If the
4050 image has a transparency then it is returned as a 4 channel image with
4051 the alpha set to zero in this palette entry. ("Transparent Color Index")
4055 The delay until the next frame is displayed, in 1/100 of a second.
4058 =item gif_user_input
4060 whether or not a user input is expected before continuing (view dependent)
4061 ("User Input Flag").
4065 how the next frame is displayed ("Disposal Method")
4069 the number of loops from the Netscape Loop extension. This may be zero.
4073 the first block of the first gif comment before each image.
4077 Where applicable, the ("name") is the name of that field from the GIF89
4080 The following tags are set in a TIFF image when read, and can be set
4085 =item tiff_resolutionunit
4087 The value of the ResolutionUnit tag. This is ignored on writing if
4088 the i_aspect_only tag is non-zero.
4090 =item tiff_documentname
4092 =item tiff_imagedescription
4106 =item tiff_hostcomputer
4108 Various strings describing the image. tiff_datetime must be formatted
4109 as "YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS". These correspond directly to the mixed case
4110 names in the TIFF specification. These are set in images read from a
4111 TIFF and save when writing a TIFF image.
4115 The following tags are set when a Windows BMP file is read:
4119 =item bmp_compression
4121 The type of compression, if any.
4123 =item bmp_important_colors
4125 The number of important colors as defined by the writer of the image.
4129 Some standard tags will be implemented as time goes by:
4137 The spatial resolution of the image in pixels per inch. If the image
4138 format uses a different scale, eg. pixels per meter, then this value
4139 is converted. A floating point number stored as a string.
4143 If this is non-zero then the values in i_xres and i_yres are treated
4144 as a ratio only. If the image format does not support aspect ratios
4145 then this is scaled so the smaller value is 72dpi.
4149 If this tag is present then the whole image could not be read. This
4150 isn't implemented for all images yet.
4156 box, arc, circle do not support antialiasing yet. arc, is only filled
4157 as of yet. Some routines do not return $self where they should. This
4158 affects code like this, C<$img-E<gt>box()-E<gt>arc()> where an object
4161 When saving Gif images the program does NOT try to shave of extra
4162 colors if it is possible. If you specify 128 colors and there are
4163 only 2 colors used - it will have a 128 colortable anyway.
4167 Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson, addi@umich.edu, and recently lots of assistance
4168 from Tony Cook. See the README for a complete list.
4172 perl(1), Imager::Color(3), Imager::Font(3), Imager::Matrix2d(3),
4173 Affix::Infix2Postfix(3), Parse::RecDescent(3)
4174 http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~addi/perl/Imager/