6 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS %formats $DEBUG %filters %DSOs $ERRSTR $fontstate %OPCODES $I2P $FORMATGUESS);
154 $VERSION = '0.38pre9';
155 @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
156 bootstrap Imager $VERSION;
160 i_init_fonts(); # Initialize font engines
161 for(i_list_formats()) { $formats{$_}++; }
163 if ($formats{'t1'}) {
167 if (!$formats{'t1'} and !$formats{'tt'}) {
168 $fontstate='no font support';
171 %OPCODES=(Add=>[0],Sub=>[1],Mult=>[2],Div=>[3],Parm=>[4],'sin'=>[5],'cos'=>[6],'x'=>[4,0],'y'=>[4,1]);
176 callseq => ['image','intensity'],
177 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_contrast($hsh{image},$hsh{intensity}); }
181 callseq => ['image', 'amount', 'subtype'],
182 defaults => { amount=>3,subtype=>0 },
183 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_noise($hsh{image},$hsh{amount},$hsh{subtype}); }
186 $filters{hardinvert} ={
187 callseq => ['image'],
189 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_hardinvert($hsh{image}); }
192 $filters{autolevels} ={
193 callseq => ['image','lsat','usat','skew'],
194 defaults => { lsat=>0.1,usat=>0.1,skew=>0.0 },
195 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_autolevels($hsh{image},$hsh{lsat},$hsh{usat},$hsh{skew}); }
198 $filters{turbnoise} ={
199 callseq => ['image'],
200 defaults => { xo=>0.0,yo=>0.0,scale=>10.0 },
201 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_turbnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{scale}); }
204 $filters{radnoise} ={
205 callseq => ['image'],
206 defaults => { xo=>100,yo=>100,ascale=>17.0,rscale=>0.02 },
207 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_radnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{rscale},$hsh{ascale}); }
211 callseq => ['image', 'coef'],
213 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_conv($hsh{image},$hsh{coef}); }
217 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
219 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_gradgen($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
222 $filters{nearest_color} ={
223 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
225 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_nearest_color($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
228 $FORMATGUESS=\&def_guess_type;
236 # NOTE: this might be moved to an import override later on
240 # (look through @_ for special tags, process, and remove them);
242 # print Dumper($pack);
247 my %parms=(loglevel=>1,@_);
249 init_log($parms{'log'},$parms{'loglevel'});
252 # if ($parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}) { $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG}=$parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}; }
253 # if ( $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG} and ( $fontstate eq 'missing conf' )) {
261 print "shutdown code\n";
262 # for(keys %instances) { $instances{$_}->DESTROY(); }
263 malloc_state(); # how do decide if this should be used? -- store something from the import
264 print "Imager exiting\n";
268 # Load a filter plugin
273 my ($DSO_handle,$str)=DSO_open($filename);
274 if (!defined($DSO_handle)) { $Imager::ERRSTR="Couldn't load plugin '$filename'\n"; return undef; }
275 my %funcs=DSO_funclist($DSO_handle);
276 if ($DEBUG) { print "loading module $filename\n"; $i=0; for(keys %funcs) { printf(" %2d: %s\n",$i++,$_); } }
278 for(keys %funcs) { if ($filters{$_}) { $ERRSTR="filter '$_' already exists\n"; DSO_close($DSO_handle); return undef; } }
280 $DSOs{$filename}=[$DSO_handle,\%funcs];
283 my $evstr="\$filters{'".$_."'}={".$funcs{$_}.'};';
284 $DEBUG && print "eval string:\n",$evstr,"\n";
296 if (!$DSOs{$filename}) { $ERRSTR="plugin '$filename' not loaded."; return undef; }
297 my ($DSO_handle,$funcref)=@{$DSOs{$filename}};
298 for(keys %{$funcref}) {
300 $DEBUG && print "unloading: $_\n";
302 my $rc=DSO_close($DSO_handle);
303 if (!defined($rc)) { $ERRSTR="unable to unload plugin '$filename'."; return undef; }
307 # take the results of i_error() and make a message out of it
309 return join(": ", map $_->[0], i_errors());
314 # Methods to be called on objects.
317 # Create a new Imager object takes very few parameters.
318 # usually you call this method and then call open from
319 # the resulting object
326 $self->{IMG}=undef; # Just to indicate what exists
327 $self->{ERRSTR}=undef; #
328 $self->{DEBUG}=$DEBUG;
329 $self->{DEBUG} && print "Initialized Imager\n";
330 if ($hsh{xsize} && $hsh{ysize}) { $self->img_set(%hsh); }
335 # Copy an entire image with no changes
336 # - if an image has magic the copy of it will not be magical
340 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
342 my $newcopy=Imager->new();
343 $newcopy->{IMG}=i_img_new();
344 i_copy($newcopy->{IMG},$self->{IMG});
352 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
353 my %input=(left=>0, top=>0, @_);
354 unless($input{img}) {
355 $self->{ERRSTR}="no source image";
358 $input{left}=0 if $input{left} <= 0;
359 $input{top}=0 if $input{top} <= 0;
361 my($r,$b)=i_img_info($src->{IMG});
363 i_copyto($self->{IMG}, $src->{IMG},
364 0,0, $r, $b, $input{left}, $input{top});
365 return $self; # What should go here??
368 # Crop an image - i.e. return a new image that is smaller
372 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
373 my %hsh=(left=>0,right=>0,top=>0,bottom=>0,@_);
375 my ($w,$h,$l,$r,$b,$t)=($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight(),
376 @hsh{qw(left right bottom top)});
377 $l=0 if not defined $l;
378 $t=0 if not defined $t;
379 $r=$self->getwidth if not defined $r;
380 $b=$self->getheight if not defined $b;
382 ($l,$r)=($r,$l) if $l>$r;
383 ($t,$b)=($b,$t) if $t>$b;
386 $l=int(0.5+($w-$hsh{'width'})/2);
391 if ($hsh{'height'}) {
392 $b=int(0.5+($h-$hsh{'height'})/2);
393 $t=$h+$hsh{'height'};
395 $hsh{'height'}=$b-$t;
398 # print "l=$l, r=$r, h=$hsh{'width'}\n";
399 # print "t=$t, b=$b, w=$hsh{'height'}\n";
401 my $dst=Imager->new(xsize=>$hsh{'width'},ysize=>$hsh{'height'},channels=>$self->getchannels());
403 i_copyto($dst->{IMG},$self->{IMG},$l,$t,$r,$b,0,0);
407 # Sets an image to a certain size and channel number
408 # if there was previously data in the image it is discarded
413 my %hsh=(xsize=>100,ysize=>100,channels=>3,@_);
415 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
416 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
420 $self->{IMG}=Imager::ImgRaw::new($hsh{'xsize'},$hsh{'ysize'},$hsh{'channels'});
423 # Read an image from file
430 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
431 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
435 if (!$input{fd} and !$input{file} and !$input{data}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='no file, fd or data parameter'; return undef; }
437 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
438 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
442 if ($input{fd}) { $fd=$input{fd} };
444 # FIXME: Find the format here if not specified
445 # yes the code isn't here yet - next week maybe?
447 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
448 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
450 my %iolready=(jpeg=>1, tiff=>1, pnm=>1);
452 if ($iolready{$input{type}}) {
454 $IO = io_new_fd($fd); # sort of simple for now eh?
456 if ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
457 ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_wiol( $IO );
458 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image'; return undef; }
459 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
463 if ( $input{type} eq 'tiff' ) {
464 $self->{IMG}=i_readtiff_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
465 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read tiff image'; return undef; }
466 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a tiff file\n";
470 if ( $input{type} eq 'pnm' ) {
471 $self->{IMG}=i_readpnm_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
472 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read pnm image: '._error_as_msg(); return undef; }
473 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a pnm file\n";
479 # Old code for reference while changing the new stuff
482 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
483 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef; }
485 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
488 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
489 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
493 if ($input{fd}) { $fd=$input{fd} };
495 if ( $input{type} eq 'gif' ) {
496 if (exists $input{data}) { $self->{IMG}=i_readgif_scalar($input{data}); }
497 else { $self->{IMG}=i_readgif( $fd ) }
498 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}= 'reading GIF:'._error_as_msg(); return undef; }
499 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a gif file\n";
500 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
501 if (exists $input{data}) { ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_scalar($input{data}); }
502 else { ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg( $fd ); }
503 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image'; return undef; }
504 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
505 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'png' ) {
506 if (exists $input{data}) { $self->{IMG}=i_readpng_scalar($input{data}); }
507 else { $self->{IMG}=i_readpng( $fd ); }
508 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read png image'; return undef; }
509 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a png file\n";
510 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'raw' ) {
511 my %params=(datachannels=>3,storechannels=>3,interleave=>1);
512 for(keys(%input)) { $params{$_}=$input{$_}; }
514 if ( !($params{xsize} && $params{ysize}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing xsize or ysize parameter for raw'; return undef; }
515 $self->{IMG}=i_readraw( $fd, $params{xsize}, $params{ysize},
516 $params{datachannels}, $params{storechannels}, $params{interleave});
517 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read raw image'; return undef; }
518 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a raw file\n";
525 # Write an image to file
529 my %input=(jpegquality=>75, gifquant=>'mc', lmdither=>6.0, lmfixed=>[], @_);
530 my ($fh, $rc, $fd, $IO);
532 my %iolready=( tiff=>1 ); # this will be SO MUCH BETTER once they are all in there
534 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
536 if (!$input{file} and !$input{'fd'} and !$input{'data'}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='file/fd/data parameter missing'; return undef; }
537 if (!$input{type}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
538 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef; }
540 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
542 if (exists $input{'fd'}) {
544 } elsif (exists $input{'data'}) {
545 $IO = Imager::io_new_bufchain();
547 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"w+");
548 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
555 if ($iolready{$input{type}}) {
557 $IO = io_new_fd($fd);
560 if ($input{type} eq 'tiff') {
561 if (!i_writetiff_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO)) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not write to buffer'; return undef; }
564 my $data = io_slurp($IO);
565 if (!$data) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not slurp from buffer'; return undef; }
567 ${$input{data}} = $data;
571 if ( $input{type} eq 'gif' ) {
572 if (not $input{gifplanes}) {
574 my $count=i_count_colors($self->{IMG}, 256);
575 $gp=8 if $count == -1;
576 $gp=1 if not $gp and $count <= 2;
577 $gp=2 if not $gp and $count <= 4;
578 $gp=3 if not $gp and $count <= 8;
579 $gp=4 if not $gp and $count <= 16;
580 $gp=5 if not $gp and $count <= 32;
581 $gp=6 if not $gp and $count <= 64;
582 $gp=7 if not $gp and $count <= 128;
583 $input{gifplanes} = $gp || 8;
586 if ($input{gifplanes}>8) {
589 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen' || $input{callback}) {
592 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
594 $input{make_colors} = 'addi';
595 $input{translate} = 'perturb';
596 $input{perturb} = $input{lmdither};
597 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen') {
598 # just pass options through
600 $input{make_colors} = 'webmap'; # ignored
601 $input{translate} = 'giflib';
604 if ($input{callback}) {
605 defined $input{maxbuffer} or $input{maxbuffer} = -1;
606 $rc = i_writegif_callback($input{callback}, $input{maxbuffer},
607 \%input, $self->{IMG});
609 $rc = i_writegif_gen($fd, \%input, $self->{IMG});
614 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
615 $rc=i_writegif($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes},$input{lmdither},$input{lmfixed});
617 $rc=i_writegifmc($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes});
619 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
620 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Writing GIF file: "._error_as_msg(); return undef;
622 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a gif file\n";
624 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
625 $rc=i_writejpeg($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{jpegquality});
626 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
627 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write jpeg image'; return undef;
629 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a jpeg file\n";
630 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'png' ) {
631 $rc=i_writepng($self->{IMG},$fd);
632 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
633 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write png image'; return undef;
635 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a png file\n";
636 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'pnm' ) {
637 $rc=i_writeppm($self->{IMG},$fd);
638 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
639 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write pnm image'; return undef;
641 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a pnm file\n";
642 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'raw' ) {
643 $rc=i_writeraw($self->{IMG},$fd);
644 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
645 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write raw image'; return undef;
647 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a raw file\n";
648 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'tiff' ) {
649 $rc=i_writetiff_wiol($self->{IMG},io_new_fd($fd) );
650 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
651 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write tiff image'; return undef;
653 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a tiff file\n";
661 my ($class, $opts, @images) = @_;
663 if ($opts->{type} eq 'gif') {
664 # translate to ImgRaw
665 if (grep !UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Imager') || !$_->{IMG}, @images) {
666 $ERRSTR = "Usage: Imager->write_multi({ options }, @images)";
669 my @work = map $_->{IMG}, @images;
670 if ($opts->{callback}) {
671 # Note: you may need to fix giflib for this one to work
672 my $maxbuffer = $opts->{maxbuffer};
673 defined $maxbuffer or $maxbuffer = -1; # max by default
674 return i_writegif_callback($opts->{callback}, $maxbuffer,
678 return i_writegif_gen($opts->{fd}, $opts, @work);
681 my $fh = IO::File->new($opts->{file}, "w+");
683 $ERRSTR = "Error creating $opts->{file}: $!";
687 return i_writegif_gen(fileno($fh), $opts, @work);
691 $ERRSTR = "Sorry, write_multi doesn't support $opts->{type} yet";
696 # Destroy an Imager object
700 # delete $instances{$self};
701 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
702 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
705 # print "Destroy Called on an empty image!\n"; # why did I put this here??
709 # Perform an inplace filter of an image
710 # that is the image will be overwritten with the data
716 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
718 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing'; return undef; }
720 if ( (grep { $_ eq $input{type} } keys %filters) != 1) {
721 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter not matching any filter'; return undef;
724 if (defined($filters{$input{type}}{defaults})) {
725 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%{$filters{$input{type}}{defaults}},%input);
727 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%input);
730 my @cs=@{$filters{$input{type}}{callseq}};
733 if (!defined($hsh{$_})) {
734 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing parameter '$_' for filter ".$input{type}; return undef;
738 &{$filters{$input{type}}{callsub}}(%hsh);
742 $self->{DEBUG} && print "callseq is: @cs\n";
743 $self->{DEBUG} && print "matching callseq is: @b\n";
748 # Scale an image to requested size and return the scaled version
752 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,type=>'max',qtype=>'normal',@_);
753 my $img = Imager->new();
754 my $tmp = Imager->new();
756 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
758 if ($opts{xpixels} and $opts{ypixels} and $opts{type}) {
759 my ($xpix,$ypix)=( $opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth() , $opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight() );
760 if ($opts{type} eq 'min') { $opts{scalefactor}=min($xpix,$ypix); }
761 if ($opts{type} eq 'max') { $opts{scalefactor}=max($xpix,$ypix); }
762 } elsif ($opts{xpixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
763 elsif ($opts{ypixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight(); }
765 if ($opts{qtype} eq 'normal') {
766 $tmp->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
767 if ( !defined($tmp->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
768 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($tmp->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
769 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
772 if ($opts{'qtype'} eq 'preview') {
773 $img->{IMG}=i_scale_nn($self->{IMG},$opts{'scalefactor'},$opts{'scalefactor'});
774 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
777 $self->{ERRSTR}='scale: invalid value for qtype'; return undef;
780 # Scales only along the X axis
784 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
786 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
788 my $img = Imager->new();
790 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
792 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
793 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
795 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
799 # Scales only along the Y axis
803 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
805 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
807 my $img = Imager->new();
809 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getheight(); }
811 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
812 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
814 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
819 # Transform returns a spatial transformation of the input image
820 # this moves pixels to a new location in the returned image.
821 # NOTE - should make a utility function to check transforms for
826 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
828 my (@op,@ropx,@ropy,$iop,$or,@parm,$expr,@xt,@yt,@pt,$numre);
830 # print Dumper(\%opts);
833 if ( $opts{'xexpr'} and $opts{'yexpr'} ) {
835 eval ("use Affix::Infix2Postfix;");
838 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: expr given and Affix::Infix2Postfix is not avaliable.';
841 $I2P=Affix::Infix2Postfix->new('ops'=>[{op=>'+',trans=>'Add'},
842 {op=>'-',trans=>'Sub'},
843 {op=>'*',trans=>'Mult'},
844 {op=>'/',trans=>'Div'},
845 {op=>'-',type=>'unary',trans=>'u-'},
847 {op=>'func',type=>'unary'}],
848 'grouping'=>[qw( \( \) )],
849 'func'=>[qw( sin cos )],
854 @xt=$I2P->translate($opts{'xexpr'});
855 @yt=$I2P->translate($opts{'yexpr'});
857 $numre=$I2P->{'numre'};
860 for(@xt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},$_); } }
861 for(@yt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},$_); } }
862 @{$opts{'parm'}}=@pt;
865 # print Dumper(\%opts);
867 if ( !exists $opts{'xopcodes'} or @{$opts{'xopcodes'}}==0) {
868 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no xopcodes given.';
872 @op=@{$opts{'xopcodes'}};
874 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
875 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
878 push(@ropx,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
884 if ( !exists $opts{'yopcodes'} or @{$opts{'yopcodes'}}==0) {
885 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no yopcodes given.';
889 @op=@{$opts{'yopcodes'}};
891 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
892 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
895 push(@ropy,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
900 if ( !exists $opts{'parm'}) {
901 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no parameter arg given.';
905 # print Dumper(\@ropx);
906 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
907 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
909 my $img = Imager->new();
910 $img->{IMG}=i_transform($self->{IMG},\@ropx,\@ropy,$opts{'parm'});
911 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: failed'; return undef; }
919 my ($opts, @imgs) = @_;
922 # this is fairly big, delay loading it
923 eval "use Imager::Expr";
928 $opts->{variables} = [ qw(x y) ];
929 my ($width, $height) = @{$opts}{qw(width height)};
931 $width ||= $imgs[0]->getwidth();
932 $height ||= $imgs[0]->getheight();
934 for my $img (@imgs) {
935 $opts->{constants}{"w$img_num"} = $img->getwidth();
936 $opts->{constants}{"h$img_num"} = $img->getheight();
937 $opts->{constants}{"cx$img_num"} = $img->getwidth()/2;
938 $opts->{constants}{"cy$img_num"} = $img->getheight()/2;
943 $opts->{constants}{w} = $width;
944 $opts->{constants}{cx} = $width/2;
947 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No width supplied";
951 $opts->{constants}{h} = $height;
952 $opts->{constants}{cy} = $height/2;
955 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No height supplied";
958 my $code = Imager::Expr->new($opts);
960 $Imager::ERRSTR = Imager::Expr::error();
964 my $img = Imager->new();
965 $img->{IMG} = i_transform2($opts->{width}, $opts->{height}, $code->code(),
966 $code->nregs(), $code->cregs(),
967 [ map { $_->{IMG} } @imgs ]);
968 if (!defined $img->{IMG}) {
969 $Imager::ERRSTR = "transform2 failed";
986 my %opts=(tx=>0,ty=>0,@_);
988 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
989 unless ($opts{src} && $opts{src}->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image for source'; return undef; }
991 i_rubthru($self->{IMG}, $opts{src}->{IMG}, $opts{tx},$opts{ty});
999 my %xlate = (h=>0, v=>1, hv=>2, vh=>2);
1001 return () unless defined $opts{'dir'} and defined $xlate{$opts{'dir'}};
1002 $dir = $xlate{$opts{'dir'}};
1003 return $self if i_flipxy($self->{IMG}, $dir);
1009 # These two are supported for legacy code only
1012 return Imager::Color->new($_[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]);
1016 return Imager::Color::set($_[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3], $_[4]);
1021 # Draws a box between the specified corner points.
1025 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1026 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1027 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,xmin=>0,ymin=>0,xmax=>$self->getwidth()-1,ymax=>$self->getheight()-1,@_);
1029 if (exists $opts{'box'}) {
1030 $opts{'xmin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1031 $opts{'xmax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1032 $opts{'ymin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1033 $opts{'ymax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1036 if ($opts{filled}) { i_box_filled($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},$opts{color}); }
1037 else { i_box($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},$opts{color}); }
1041 # Draws an arc - this routine SUCKS and is buggy - it sometimes doesn't work when the arc is a convex polygon
1045 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1046 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1047 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,
1048 'r'=>min($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight())/3,
1049 'x'=>$self->getwidth()/2,
1050 'y'=>$self->getheight()/2,
1051 'd1'=>0, 'd2'=>361, @_);
1052 i_arc($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},$opts{'d1'},$opts{'d2'},$opts{'color'});
1056 # Draws a line from one point to (but not including) the destination point
1060 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1061 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1062 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1064 unless (exists $opts{x1} and exists $opts{y1}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing begining coord'; return undef; }
1065 unless (exists $opts{x2} and exists $opts{y2}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing ending coord'; return undef; }
1067 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1068 i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2}, $opts{color});
1070 i_draw($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2}, $opts{color});
1075 # Draws a line between an ordered set of points - It more or less just transforms this
1076 # into a list of lines.
1080 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1081 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1082 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1084 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1086 if (exists($opts{points})) { @points=@{$opts{points}}; }
1087 if (!exists($opts{points}) and exists($opts{'x'}) and exists($opts{'y'}) ) {
1088 @points=map { [ $opts{'x'}->[$_],$opts{'y'}->[$_] ] } (0..(scalar @{$opts{'x'}}-1));
1091 # print Dumper(\@points);
1093 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1095 if (defined($ls)) { i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$opts{color}); }
1100 if (defined($ls)) { i_draw($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$opts{color}); }
1107 # this the multipoint bezier curve
1108 # this is here more for testing that actual usage since
1109 # this is not a good algorithm. Usually the curve would be
1110 # broken into smaller segments and each done individually.
1114 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1115 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1116 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1118 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1120 if (exists $opts{points}) {
1121 $opts{'x'}=map { $_->[0]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1122 $opts{'y'}=map { $_->[1]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1125 unless ( @{$opts{'x'}} and @{$opts{'x'}} == @{$opts{'y'}} ) {
1126 $self->{ERRSTR}='Missing or invalid points.';
1130 i_bezier_multi($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'color'});
1135 # destructive border - image is shrunk by one pixel all around
1138 my ($self,%opts)=@_;
1139 my($tx,$ty)=($self->getwidth()-1,$self->getheight()-1);
1140 $self->polyline('x'=>[0,$tx,$tx,0,0],'y'=>[0,0,$ty,$ty,0],%opts);
1144 # Get the width of an image
1148 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1149 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[0];
1152 # Get the height of an image
1156 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1157 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[1];
1160 # Get number of channels in an image
1164 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1165 return i_img_getchannels($self->{IMG});
1172 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1173 return i_img_getmask($self->{IMG});
1181 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1182 i_img_setmask( $self->{IMG} , $opts{mask} );
1185 # Get number of colors in an image
1189 my %opts=(maxcolors=>2**30,@_);
1190 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR}='image is empty'; return undef; }
1191 my $rc=i_count_colors($self->{IMG},$opts{'maxcolors'});
1192 return ($rc==-1? undef : $rc);
1195 # draw string to an image
1199 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1201 my %input=('x'=>0, 'y'=>0, @_);
1202 $input{string}||=$input{text};
1204 unless(exists $input{string}) {
1205 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'string'";
1209 unless($input{font}) {
1210 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'font'";
1215 my $font=$input{'font'};
1216 my $align=$font->{'align'} unless exists $input{'align'};
1217 my $color=$input{'color'} || $font->{'color'};
1218 my $size=$input{'size'} || $font->{'size'};
1220 if (!defined($size)) { $self->{ERRSTR}='No size parameter and no default in font'; return undef; }
1222 $aa=$font->{'aa'} if exists $font->{'aa'};
1223 $aa=$input{'aa'} if exists $input{'aa'};
1227 # unless($font->can('text')) {
1228 # $self->{ERRSTR}="font is unable to do what we need";
1233 # warn Dumper($font);
1235 # print "Channel=".$input{'channel'}."\n";
1237 if ( $font->{'type'} eq 't1' ) {
1238 if ( exists $input{'channel'} ) {
1239 Imager::Font::t1_set_aa_level($aa);
1240 i_t1_cp($self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},
1241 $input{'channel'},$font->{'id'},$size,
1242 $input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),1);
1244 Imager::Font::t1_set_aa_level($aa);
1245 i_t1_text($self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},
1246 $color,$font->{'id'},$size,
1247 $input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),1);
1251 if ( $font->{'type'} eq 'tt' ) {
1252 if ( exists $input{'channel'} ) {
1253 i_tt_cp($font->{'id'},$self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},$input{'channel'},
1254 $size,$input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),$aa);
1256 i_tt_text($font->{'id'},$self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},$color,$size,
1257 $input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),$aa);
1268 # Shortcuts that can be exported
1270 sub newcolor { Imager::Color->new(@_); }
1271 sub newfont { Imager::Font->new(@_); }
1273 *NC=*newcolour=*newcolor;
1280 #### Utility routines
1282 sub errstr { $_[0]->{ERRSTR} }
1289 # Default guess for the type of an image from extension
1291 sub def_guess_type {
1294 $ext=($name =~ m/\.([^\.]+)$/)[0];
1295 return 'tiff' if ($ext =~ m/^tiff?$/);
1296 return 'jpeg' if ($ext =~ m/^jpe?g$/);
1297 return 'pnm' if ($ext =~ m/^p[pgb]m$/);
1298 return 'png' if ($ext eq "png");
1299 return 'gif' if ($ext eq "gif");
1303 # get the minimum of a list
1307 for(@_) { if ($_<$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
1311 # get the maximum of a list
1315 for(@_) { if ($_>$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
1319 # string stuff for iptc headers
1323 $str = substr($str,3);
1324 $str =~ s/[\n\r]//g;
1331 # A little hack to parse iptc headers.
1336 my($caption,$photogr,$headln,$credit);
1338 my $str=$self->{IPTCRAW};
1342 @ar=split(/8BIM/,$str);
1347 @sar=split(/\034\002/);
1348 foreach $item (@sar) {
1349 if ($item =~ m/^x/) {
1350 $caption=&clean($item);
1353 if ($item =~ m/^P/) {
1354 $photogr=&clean($item);
1357 if ($item =~ m/^i/) {
1358 $headln=&clean($item);
1361 if ($item =~ m/^n/) {
1362 $credit=&clean($item);
1368 return (caption=>$caption,photogr=>$photogr,headln=>$headln,credit=>$credit);
1376 # Autoload methods go after =cut, and are processed by the autosplit program.
1380 # Below is the stub of documentation for your module. You better edit it!
1384 Imager - Perl extension for Generating 24 bit Images
1388 use Imager qw(init);
1391 $img = Imager->new();
1392 $img->open(file=>'image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
1393 || print "failed: ",$img->{ERRSTR},"\n";
1394 $scaled=$img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400);
1395 $scaled->write(file=>'sc_image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
1396 || print "failed: ",$scaled->{ERRSTR},"\n";
1400 Imager is a module for creating and altering images - It is not meant
1401 as a replacement or a competitor to ImageMagick or GD. Both are
1402 excellent packages and well supported.
1406 Almost all functions take the parameters in the hash fashion.
1409 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png');
1413 $img->open(file=>'lena.png');
1415 =head2 Basic concept
1417 An Image object is created with C<$img = Imager-E<gt>new()> Should
1418 this fail for some reason an explanation can be found in
1419 C<$Imager::ERRSTR> usually error messages are stored in
1420 C<$img-E<gt>{ERRSTR}>, but since no object is created this is the only
1421 way to give back errors. C<$Imager::ERRSTR> is also used to report
1422 all errors not directly associated with an image object. Examples:
1424 $img=Imager->new(); # This is an empty image (size is 0 by 0)
1425 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png'); # initializes from file
1427 or if you want to create an empty image:
1429 $img=Imager->new(xsize=>400,ysize=>300,channels=>4);
1431 This example creates a completely black image of width 400 and
1432 height 300 and 4 channels.
1434 If you have an existing image, use img_set() to change it's dimensions
1435 - this will destroy any existing image data:
1437 $img->img_set(xsize=>500, ysize=>500, channels=>4);
1439 Color objects are created by calling the Imager::Color->new()
1442 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue);
1443 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue, $alpha);
1444 $color = Imager::Color->new("#C0C0FF"); # html color specification
1446 This object can then be passed to functions that require a color parameter.
1448 Coordinates in Imager have the origin in the upper left corner. The
1449 horizontal coordinate increases to the right and the vertical
1452 =head2 Reading and writing images
1454 C<$img-E<gt>read()> generally takes two parameters, 'file' and 'type'.
1455 If the type of the file can be determined from the suffix of the file
1456 it can be omitted. Format dependant parameters are: For images of
1457 type 'raw' two extra parameters are needed 'xsize' and 'ysize', if the
1458 'channel' parameter is omitted for type 'raw' it is assumed to be 3.
1459 gif and png images might have a palette are converted to truecolor bit
1460 when read. Alpha channel is preserved for png images irregardless of
1461 them being in RGB or gray colorspace. Similarly grayscale jpegs are
1462 one channel images after reading them. For jpeg images the iptc
1463 header information (stored in the APP13 header) is avaliable to some
1464 degree. You can get the raw header with C<$img-E<gt>{IPTCRAW}>, but
1465 you can also retrieve the most basic information with
1466 C<%hsh=$img-E<gt>parseiptc()> as always patches are welcome. Neither
1467 pnm nor tiff have extra options. Examples:
1469 $img = Imager->new();
1470 $img->read(file=>"cover.jpg") or die $img->errstr; # gets type from name
1472 $img = Imager->new();
1473 { local(*FH,$/); open(FH,"file.gif") or die $!; $a=<FH>; }
1474 $img->read(data=>$a,type=>'gif') or die $img->errstr;
1476 The second example shows how to read an image from a scalar, this is
1477 usefull if your data originates from somewhere else than a filesystem
1478 such as a database over a DBI connection.
1480 *Note that load() is now an alias for read but will be removed later*
1482 C<$img-E<gt>write> has the same interface as C<read()>. The earlier
1483 comments on C<read()> for autodetecting filetypes apply. For jpegs
1484 quality can be adjusted via the 'jpegquality' parameter (0-100). The
1485 number of colorplanes in gifs are set with 'gifplanes' and should be
1486 between 1 (2 color) and 8 (256 colors). It is also possible to choose
1487 between two quantizing methods with the parameter 'gifquant'. If set
1488 to mc it uses the mediancut algorithm from either giflibrary. If set
1489 to lm it uses a local means algorithm. It is then possible to give
1490 some extra settings. lmdither is the dither deviation amount in pixels
1491 (manhattan distance). lmfixed can be an array ref who holds an array
1492 of Imager::Color objects. Note that the local means algorithm needs
1493 much more cpu time but also gives considerable better results than the
1494 median cut algorithm.
1496 Currently just for gif files, you can specify various options for the
1497 conversion from Imager's internal RGB format to the target's indexed
1498 file format. If you set the gifquant option to 'gen', you can use the
1499 options specified under L<Quantization options>.
1501 To see what Imager is compiled to support the following code snippet
1505 print "@{[keys %Imager::formats]}";
1507 When reading raw images you need to supply the width and height of the
1508 image in the xsize and ysize options:
1510 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=>100, ysize=>100)
1511 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
1513 If your input file has more channels than you want, or (as is common),
1514 junk in the fourth channel, you can use the datachannels and
1515 storechannels options to control the number of channels in your input
1516 file and the resulting channels in your image. For example, if your
1517 input image uses 32-bits per pixel with red, green, blue and junk
1518 values for each pixel you could do:
1520 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=>100, ysize=>100, datachannels=>4,
1522 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
1524 Normally the raw image is expected to have the value for channel 1
1525 immediately following channel 0 and channel 2 immediately following
1526 channel 1 for each pixel. If your input image has all the channel 0
1527 values for the first line of the image, followed by all the channel 1
1528 values for the first line and so on, you can use the interleave option:
1530 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=100, ysize=>100, interleave=>1)
1531 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
1533 =head2 Multi-image files
1535 Currently just for gif files, you can create files that contain more
1540 Imager->write_multi(\%opts, @images)
1542 Where %opts describes 3 possible types of outputs:
1548 A code reference which is called with a single parameter, the data to
1549 be written. You can also specify $opts{maxbuffer} which is the
1550 maximum amount of data buffered. Note that there can be larger writes
1551 than this if the file library writes larger blocks. A smaller value
1552 maybe useful for writing to a socket for incremental display.
1556 The file descriptor to save the images to.
1560 The name of the file to write to.
1562 %opts may also include the keys from L<Gif options> and L<Quantization
1567 The current aim is to support other multiple image formats in the
1568 future, such as TIFF, and to support reading multiple images from a
1574 # ... code to put images in @images
1575 Imager->write_multi({type=>'gif',
1577 gif_delays=>[ 10 x @images ] },
1583 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
1584 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
1585 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
1587 Note that some viewers will ignore some of these options
1588 (gif_user_input in particular).
1592 =item gif_each_palette
1594 Each image in the gif file has it's own palette if this is non-zero.
1595 All but the first image has a local colour table (the first uses the
1596 global colour table.
1600 The images are written interlaced if this is non-zero.
1604 A reference to an array containing the delays between images, in 1/100
1607 =item gif_user_input
1609 A reference to an array contains user input flags. If the given flag
1610 is non-zero the image viewer should wait for input before displaying
1615 A reference to an array of image disposal methods. These define what
1616 should be done to the image before displaying the next one. These are
1617 integers, where 0 means unspecified, 1 means the image should be left
1618 in place, 2 means restore to background colour and 3 means restore to
1621 =item gif_tran_color
1623 A reference to an Imager::Color object, which is the colour to use for
1624 the palette entry used to represent transparency in the palette. You
1625 need to set the transp option (see L<Quantization options>) for this
1630 A reference to an array of references to arrays which represent screen
1631 positions for each image.
1633 =item gif_loop_count
1635 If this is non-zero the Netscape loop extension block is generated,
1636 which makes the animation of the images repeat.
1638 This is currently unimplemented due to some limitations in giflib.
1642 =head2 Quantization options
1644 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
1645 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
1646 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
1652 A arrayref of colors that are fixed. Note that some color generators
1657 The type of transparency processing to perform for images with an
1658 alpha channel where the output format does not have a proper alpha
1659 channel (eg. gif). This can be any of:
1665 No transparency processing is done. (default)
1669 Pixels more transparent that tr_threshold are rendered as transparent.
1673 An error diffusion dither is done on the alpha channel. Note that
1674 this is independent of the translation performed on the colour
1675 channels, so some combinations may cause undesired artifacts.
1679 The ordered dither specified by tr_orddith is performed on the alpha
1684 This will only be used if the image has an alpha channel, and if there
1685 is space in the palette for a transparency colour.
1689 The highest alpha value at which a pixel will be made transparent when
1690 transp is 'threshold'. (0-255, default 127)
1694 The type of error diffusion to perform on the alpha channel when
1695 transp is 'errdiff'. This can be any defined error diffusion type
1696 except for custom (see errdiff below).
1700 The type of ordered dither to perform on the alpha channel when transp
1701 is 'ordered'. Possible values are:
1707 A semi-random map is used. The map is the same each time.
1719 horizontal line dither.
1723 vertical line dither.
1729 diagonal line dither
1735 diagonal line dither
1739 dot matrix dither (currently the default). This is probably the best
1740 for displays (like web pages).
1744 A custom dither matrix is used - see tr_map
1750 When tr_orddith is custom this defines an 8 x 8 matrix of integers
1751 representing the transparency threshold for pixels corresponding to
1752 each position. This should be a 64 element array where the first 8
1753 entries correspond to the first row of the matrix. Values should be
1758 Defines how the quantization engine will build the palette(s).
1759 Currently this is ignored if 'translate' is 'giflib', but that may
1760 change. Possible values are:
1766 Only colors supplied in 'colors' are used.
1770 The web color map is used (need url here.)
1774 The original code for generating the color map (Addi's code) is used.
1778 Other methods may be added in the future.
1782 A arrayref containing Imager::Color objects, which represents the
1783 starting set of colors to use in translating the images. webmap will
1784 ignore this. The final colors used are copied back into this array
1785 (which is expanded if necessary.)
1789 The maximum number of colors to use in the image.
1793 The method used to translate the RGB values in the source image into
1794 the colors selected by make_colors. Note that make_colors is ignored
1795 whene translate is 'giflib'.
1797 Possible values are:
1803 The giflib native quantization function is used.
1807 The closest color available is used.
1811 The pixel color is modified by perturb, and the closest color is chosen.
1815 An error diffusion dither is performed.
1819 It's possible other transate values will be added.
1823 The type of error diffusion dither to perform. These values (except
1824 for custom) can also be used in tr_errdif.
1830 Floyd-Steinberg dither
1834 Jarvis, Judice and Ninke dither
1842 Custom. If you use this you must also set errdiff_width,
1843 errdiff_height and errdiff_map.
1849 =item errdiff_height
1855 When translate is 'errdiff' and errdiff is 'custom' these define a
1856 custom error diffusion map. errdiff_width and errdiff_height define
1857 the size of the map in the arrayref in errdiff_map. errdiff_orig is
1858 an integer which indicates the current pixel position in the top row
1863 When translate is 'perturb' this is the magnitude of the random bias
1864 applied to each channel of the pixel before it is looked up in the
1869 =head2 Obtaining/setting attributes of images
1871 To get the size of an image in pixels the C<$img-E<gt>getwidth()> and
1872 C<$img-E<gt>getheight()> are used.
1874 To get the number of channels in
1875 an image C<$img-E<gt>getchannels()> is used. $img-E<gt>getmask() and
1876 $img-E<gt>setmask() are used to get/set the channel mask of the image.
1878 $mask=$img->getmask();
1879 $img->setmask(mask=>1+2); # modify red and green only
1880 $img->setmask(mask=>8); # modify alpha only
1881 $img->setmask(mask=>$mask); # restore previous mask
1883 The mask of an image describes which channels are updated when some
1884 operation is performed on an image. Naturally it is not possible to
1885 apply masks to operations like scaling that alter the dimensions of
1888 It is possible to have Imager find the number of colors in an image
1889 by using C<$img-E<gt>getcolorcount()>. It requires memory proportionally
1890 to the number of colors in the image so it is possible to have it
1891 stop sooner if you only need to know if there are more than a certain number
1892 of colors in the image. If there are more colors than asked for
1893 the function return undef. Examples:
1895 if (!defined($img->getcolorcount(maxcolors=>512)) {
1896 print "Less than 512 colors in image\n";
1899 =head2 Drawing Methods
1901 IMPLEMENTATION MORE OR LESS DONE CHECK THE TESTS
1902 DOCUMENTATION OF THIS SECTION OUT OF SYNC
1904 It is possible to draw with graphics primitives onto images. Such
1905 primitives include boxes, arcs, circles and lines. A reference
1906 oriented list follows.
1909 $img->box(color=>$blue,xmin=>10,ymin=>30,xmax=>200,ymax=>300,filled=>1);
1911 The above example calls the C<box> method for the image and the box
1912 covers the pixels with in the rectangle specified. If C<filled> is
1913 ommited it is drawn as an outline. If any of the edges of the box are
1914 ommited it will snap to the outer edge of the image in that direction.
1915 Also if a color is omitted a color with (255,255,255,255) is used
1919 $img->arc(color=>$red, r=20, x=>200, y=>100, d1=>10, d2=>20 );
1921 This creates a filled red arc with a 'center' at (200, 100) and spans
1922 10 degrees and the slice has a radius of 20. SEE section on BUGS.
1925 $img->circle(color=>$green, r=50, x=>200, y=>100);
1927 This creates a green circle with its center at (200, 100) and has a
1931 $img->line(color=>$green, x1=10, x2=>100,
1932 y1=>20, y2=>50, antialias=>1 );
1934 That draws an antialiased line from (10,100) to (20,50).
1937 $img->polyline(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
1938 $img->polyline(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], antialias=>1);
1940 Polyline is used to draw multilple lines between a series of points.
1941 The point set can either be specified as an arrayref to an array of
1942 array references (where each such array represents a point). The
1943 other way is to specify two array references.
1945 =head2 Text rendering
1947 Text rendering is described in the Imager::Font manpage.
1949 =head2 Image resizing
1951 To scale an image so porportions are maintained use the
1952 C<$img-E<gt>scale()> method. if you give either a xpixels or ypixels
1953 parameter they will determine the width or height respectively. If
1954 both are given the one resulting in a larger image is used. example:
1955 C<$img> is 700 pixels wide and 500 pixels tall.
1957 $img->scale(xpixels=>400); # 400x285
1958 $img->scale(ypixels=>400); # 560x400
1960 $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400); # 560x400
1961 $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400,type=>min); # 400x285
1963 $img->scale(scalefactor=>0.25); 175x125 $img->scale(); # 350x250
1965 if you want to create low quality previews of images you can pass
1966 C<qtype=E<gt>'preview'> to scale and it will use nearest neighbor
1967 sampling instead of filtering. It is much faster but also generates
1968 worse looking images - especially if the original has a lot of sharp
1969 variations and the scaled image is by more than 3-5 times smaller than
1972 If you need to scale images per axis it is best to do it simply by
1973 calling scaleX and scaleY. You can pass either 'scalefactor' or
1974 'pixels' to both functions.
1976 Another way to resize an image size is to crop it. The parameters
1977 to crop are the edges of the area that you want in the returned image.
1978 If a parameter is omited a default is used instead.
1980 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100, top=>10, bottom=>100);
1981 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, top=>10, width=>50, height=>90);
1982 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100); # top
1984 You can also specify width and height parameters which will produce a
1985 new image cropped from the center of the input image, with the given
1988 $newimg = $img->crop(width=>50, height=>50);
1990 The width and height parameters take precedence over the left/right
1991 and top/bottom parameters respectively.
1993 =head2 Copying images
1995 To create a copy of an image use the C<copy()> method. This is usefull
1996 if you want to keep an original after doing something that changes the image
1997 inplace like writing text.
2001 To copy an image to onto another image use the C<paste()> method.
2003 $dest->paste(left=>40,top=>20,img=>$logo);
2005 That copies the entire C<$logo> image onto the C<$dest> image so that the
2006 upper left corner of the C<$logo> image is at (40,20).
2009 =head2 Flipping images
2011 An inplace horizontal or vertical flip is possible by calling the
2012 C<flip()> method. If the original is to be preserved it's possible to
2013 make a copy first. The only parameter it takes is the C<dir>
2014 parameter which can take the values C<h>, C<v>, C<vh> and C<hv>.
2016 $img->flip(dir=>"h"); # horizontal flip
2017 $img->flip(dir=>"vh"); # vertical and horizontal flip
2018 $nimg = $img->copy->flip(dir=>"v"); # make a copy and flip it vertically
2020 =head2 Blending Images
2022 To put an image or a part of an image directly
2023 into another it is best to call the C<paste()> method on the image you
2026 $img->paste(img=>$srcimage,left=>30,top=>50);
2028 That will take paste C<$srcimage> into C<$img> with the upper
2029 left corner at (30,50). If no values are given for C<left>
2030 or C<top> they will default to 0.
2032 A more complicated way of blending images is where one image is
2033 put 'over' the other with a certain amount of opaqueness. The
2034 method that does this is rubthrough.
2036 $img->rubthrough(src=>$srcimage,tx=>30,ty=>50);
2038 That will take the image C<$srcimage> and overlay it with the
2039 upper left corner at (30,50). The C<$srcimage> must be a 4 channel
2040 image. The last channel is used as an alpha channel.
2045 A special image method is the filter method. An example is:
2047 $img->filter(type=>'autolevels');
2049 This will call the autolevels filter. Here is a list of the filters
2050 that are always avaliable in Imager. This list can be obtained by
2051 running the C<filterlist.perl> script that comes with the module
2056 autolevels lsat(0.1) usat(0.1) skew(0)
2058 noise amount(3) subtype(0)
2061 gradgen xo yo colors dist
2063 The default values are in parenthesis. All parameters must have some
2064 value but if a parameter has a default value it may be omitted when
2065 calling the filter function.
2067 FIXME: make a seperate pod for filters?
2069 =head2 Transformations
2071 Another special image method is transform. It can be used to generate
2072 warps and rotations and such features. It can be given the operations
2073 in postfix notation or the module Affix::Infix2Postfix can be used.
2074 Look in the test case t/t55trans.t for an example.
2076 transform() needs expressions (or opcodes) that determine the source
2077 pixel for each target pixel. Source expressions are infix expressions
2078 using any of the +, -, *, / or ** binary operators, the - unary
2079 operator, ( and ) for grouping and the sin() and cos() functions. The
2080 target pixel is input as the variables x and y.
2082 You specify the x and y expressions as xexpr and yexpr respectively.
2083 You can also specify opcodes directly, but that's magic deep enough
2084 that you can look at the source code.
2086 You can still use the transform() function, but the transform2()
2087 function is just as fast and is more likely to be enhanced and
2090 Later versions of Imager also support a transform2() class method
2091 which allows you perform a more general set of operations, rather than
2092 just specifying a spatial transformation as with the transform()
2093 method, you can also perform colour transformations, image synthesis
2094 and image combinations.
2096 transform2() takes an reference to an options hash, and a list of
2097 images to operate one (this list may be empty):
2102 my $img = Imager::transform2(\%opts, @imgs)
2103 or die "transform2 failed: $Imager::ERRSTR";
2105 The options hash may define a transformation function, and optionally:
2111 width - the width of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied the
2112 width of the first input image is used. If there are no input images
2117 height - the height of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied
2118 the height of the first input image is used. If there are no input
2119 images an error occurs.
2123 constants - a reference to hash of constants to define for the
2124 expression engine. Some extra constants are defined by Imager
2128 The tranformation function is specified using either the expr or
2129 rpnexpr member of the options.
2133 =item Infix expressions
2135 You can supply infix expressions to transform 2 with the expr keyword.
2137 $opts{expr} = 'return getp1(w-x, h-y)'
2139 The 'expression' supplied follows this general grammar:
2141 ( identifier '=' expr ';' )* 'return' expr
2143 This allows you to simplify your expressions using variables.
2145 A more complex example might be:
2147 $opts{expr} = 'pix = getp1(x,y); return if(value(pix)>0.8,pix*0.8,pix)'
2149 Currently to use infix expressions you must have the Parse::RecDescent
2150 module installed (available from CPAN). There is also what might be a
2151 significant delay the first time you run the infix expression parser
2152 due to the compilation of the expression grammar.
2154 =item Postfix expressions
2156 You can supply postfix or reverse-polish notation expressions to
2157 transform2() through the rpnexpr keyword.
2159 The parser for rpnexpr emulates a stack machine, so operators will
2160 expect to see their parameters on top of the stack. A stack machine
2161 isn't actually used during the image transformation itself.
2163 You can store the value at the top of the stack in a variable called
2164 foo using !foo and retrieve that value again using @foo. The !foo
2165 notation will pop the value from the stack.
2167 An example equivalent to the infix expression above:
2169 $opts{rpnexpr} = 'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.8 gt @pix 0.8 * @pix ifp'
2173 transform2() has a fairly rich range of operators.
2177 =item +, *, -, /, %, **
2179 multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, remainder and
2180 exponentiation. Multiplication, addition and subtraction can be used
2181 on colour values too - though you need to be careful - adding 2 white
2182 values together and multiplying by 0.5 will give you grey, not white.
2184 Division by zero (or a small number) just results in a large number.
2185 Modulo zero (or a small number) results in zero.
2187 =item sin(N), cos(N), atan2(y,x)
2189 Some basic trig functions. They work in radians, so you can't just
2192 =item distance(x1, y1, x2, y2)
2194 Find the distance between two points. This is handy (along with
2195 atan2()) for producing circular effects.
2199 Find the square root. I haven't had much use for this since adding
2200 the distance() function.
2204 Find the absolute value.
2206 =item getp1(x,y), getp2(x,y), getp3(x, y)
2208 Get the pixel at position (x,y) from the first, second or third image
2209 respectively. I may add a getpn() function at some point, but this
2210 prevents static checking of the instructions against the number of
2211 images actually passed in.
2213 =item value(c), hue(c), sat(c), hsv(h,s,v)
2215 Separates a colour value into it's value (brightness), hue (colour)
2216 and saturation elements. Use hsv() to put them back together (after
2217 suitable manipulation).
2219 =item red(c), green(c), blue(c), rgb(r,g,b)
2221 Separates a colour value into it's red, green and blue colours. Use
2222 rgb(r,g,b) to put it back together.
2226 Convert a value to an integer. Uses a C int cast, so it may break on
2229 =item if(cond,ntrue,nfalse), if(cond,ctrue,cfalse)
2231 A simple (and inefficient) if function.
2233 =item <=,<,==,>=,>,!=
2235 Relational operators (typically used with if()). Since we're working
2236 with floating point values the equalities are 'near equalities' - an
2237 epsilon value is used.
2239 =item &&, ||, not(n)
2241 Basic logical operators.
2249 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.7 gt @pat @pix ifp'
2251 tiles a smaller version of the input image over itself where the colour has a saturation over 0.7.
2253 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat y 360 / !rat x y getp1 1 @rat - pmult @pat @rat pmult padd'
2255 tiles the input image over itself so that at the top of the image the
2256 full-size image is at full strength and at the bottom the tiling is
2259 =item rpnexpr=>'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.96 gt @pix sat 0.1 lt and 128 128 255 rgb @pix ifp'
2261 replace pixels that are white or almost white with a palish blue
2263 =item rpnexpr=>'x 35 % 10 * y 45 % 8 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.2 lt @pix value 0.9 gt and @pix @pat @pix value 2 / 0.5 + pmult ifp'
2265 Tiles the input image overitself where the image isn't white or almost
2268 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a2 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
2272 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
2274 A spiral built on top of a colour wheel.
2278 For details on expression parsing see L<Imager::Expr>. For details on
2279 the virtual machine used to transform the images, see
2280 L<Imager::regmach.pod>.
2284 It is possible to add filters to the module without recompiling the
2285 module itself. This is done by using DSOs (Dynamic shared object)
2286 avaliable on most systems. This way you can maintain our own filters
2287 and not have to get me to add it, or worse patch every new version of
2288 the Module. Modules can be loaded AND UNLOADED at runtime. This
2289 means that you can have a server/daemon thingy that can do something
2292 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2293 %hsh=(a=>35,b=>200,type=>lin_stretch);
2295 unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2296 $img->write(type=>'pnm',file=>'testout/t60.jpg')
2297 || die "error in write()\n";
2299 Someone decides that the filter is not working as it should -
2300 dyntest.c modified and recompiled.
2302 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2305 An example plugin comes with the module - Please send feedback to
2306 addi@umich.edu if you test this.
2308 Note: This seems to test ok on the following systems:
2309 Linux, Solaris, HPUX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, TRU64/OSF1, AIX.
2310 If you test this on other systems please let me know.
2314 box, arc, circle do not support antialiasing yet. arc, is only filled
2315 as of yet. Some routines do not return $self where they should. This
2316 affects code like this, C<$img-E<gt>box()-E<gt>arc()> where an object
2319 When saving Gif images the program does NOT try to shave of extra
2320 colors if it is possible. If you specify 128 colors and there are
2321 only 2 colors used - it will have a 128 colortable anyway.
2325 Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson, addi@umich.edu
2326 And a great deal of help from others - see the README for a complete
2330 perl(1), Imager::Color(3), Affix::Infix2Postfix(3), Parse::RecDescent(3)
2331 http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~addi/perl/Imager/