6 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS %formats $DEBUG %filters %DSOs $ERRSTR $fontstate %OPCODES $I2P $FORMATGUESS);
154 $VERSION = '0.38pre9';
155 @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
156 bootstrap Imager $VERSION;
160 i_init_fonts(); # Initialize font engines
161 for(i_list_formats()) { $formats{$_}++; }
163 if ($formats{'t1'}) {
167 if (!$formats{'t1'} and !$formats{'tt'}) {
168 $fontstate='no font support';
171 %OPCODES=(Add=>[0],Sub=>[1],Mult=>[2],Div=>[3],Parm=>[4],'sin'=>[5],'cos'=>[6],'x'=>[4,0],'y'=>[4,1]);
176 callseq => ['image','intensity'],
177 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_contrast($hsh{image},$hsh{intensity}); }
181 callseq => ['image', 'amount', 'subtype'],
182 defaults => { amount=>3,subtype=>0 },
183 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_noise($hsh{image},$hsh{amount},$hsh{subtype}); }
186 $filters{hardinvert} ={
187 callseq => ['image'],
189 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_hardinvert($hsh{image}); }
192 $filters{autolevels} ={
193 callseq => ['image','lsat','usat','skew'],
194 defaults => { lsat=>0.1,usat=>0.1,skew=>0.0 },
195 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_autolevels($hsh{image},$hsh{lsat},$hsh{usat},$hsh{skew}); }
198 $filters{turbnoise} ={
199 callseq => ['image'],
200 defaults => { xo=>0.0,yo=>0.0,scale=>10.0 },
201 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_turbnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{scale}); }
204 $filters{radnoise} ={
205 callseq => ['image'],
206 defaults => { xo=>100,yo=>100,ascale=>17.0,rscale=>0.02 },
207 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_radnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{rscale},$hsh{ascale}); }
211 callseq => ['image', 'coef'],
213 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_conv($hsh{image},$hsh{coef}); }
217 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
219 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_gradgen($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
222 $filters{nearest_color} ={
223 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
225 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_nearest_color($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
228 $FORMATGUESS=\&def_guess_type;
236 # NOTE: this might be moved to an import override later on
240 # (look through @_ for special tags, process, and remove them);
242 # print Dumper($pack);
247 my %parms=(loglevel=>1,@_);
249 init_log($parms{'log'},$parms{'loglevel'});
252 # if ($parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}) { $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG}=$parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}; }
253 # if ( $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG} and ( $fontstate eq 'missing conf' )) {
261 print "shutdown code\n";
262 # for(keys %instances) { $instances{$_}->DESTROY(); }
263 malloc_state(); # how do decide if this should be used? -- store something from the import
264 print "Imager exiting\n";
268 # Load a filter plugin
273 my ($DSO_handle,$str)=DSO_open($filename);
274 if (!defined($DSO_handle)) { $Imager::ERRSTR="Couldn't load plugin '$filename'\n"; return undef; }
275 my %funcs=DSO_funclist($DSO_handle);
276 if ($DEBUG) { print "loading module $filename\n"; $i=0; for(keys %funcs) { printf(" %2d: %s\n",$i++,$_); } }
278 for(keys %funcs) { if ($filters{$_}) { $ERRSTR="filter '$_' already exists\n"; DSO_close($DSO_handle); return undef; } }
280 $DSOs{$filename}=[$DSO_handle,\%funcs];
283 my $evstr="\$filters{'".$_."'}={".$funcs{$_}.'};';
284 $DEBUG && print "eval string:\n",$evstr,"\n";
296 if (!$DSOs{$filename}) { $ERRSTR="plugin '$filename' not loaded."; return undef; }
297 my ($DSO_handle,$funcref)=@{$DSOs{$filename}};
298 for(keys %{$funcref}) {
300 $DEBUG && print "unloading: $_\n";
302 my $rc=DSO_close($DSO_handle);
303 if (!defined($rc)) { $ERRSTR="unable to unload plugin '$filename'."; return undef; }
307 # take the results of i_error() and make a message out of it
309 return join(": ", map $_->[0], i_errors());
314 # Methods to be called on objects.
317 # Create a new Imager object takes very few parameters.
318 # usually you call this method and then call open from
319 # the resulting object
326 $self->{IMG}=undef; # Just to indicate what exists
327 $self->{ERRSTR}=undef; #
328 $self->{DEBUG}=$DEBUG;
329 $self->{DEBUG} && print "Initialized Imager\n";
330 if ($hsh{xsize} && $hsh{ysize}) { $self->img_set(%hsh); }
335 # Copy an entire image with no changes
336 # - if an image has magic the copy of it will not be magical
340 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
342 my $newcopy=Imager->new();
343 $newcopy->{IMG}=i_img_new();
344 i_copy($newcopy->{IMG},$self->{IMG});
352 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
353 my %input=(left=>0, top=>0, @_);
354 unless($input{img}) {
355 $self->{ERRSTR}="no source image";
358 $input{left}=0 if $input{left} <= 0;
359 $input{top}=0 if $input{top} <= 0;
361 my($r,$b)=i_img_info($src->{IMG});
363 i_copyto($self->{IMG}, $src->{IMG},
364 0,0, $r, $b, $input{left}, $input{top});
365 return $self; # What should go here??
368 # Crop an image - i.e. return a new image that is smaller
372 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
373 my %hsh=(left=>0,right=>0,top=>0,bottom=>0,@_);
375 my ($w,$h,$l,$r,$b,$t)=($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight(),
376 @hsh{qw(left right bottom top)});
377 $l=0 if not defined $l;
378 $t=0 if not defined $t;
379 $r=$self->getwidth if not defined $r;
380 $b=$self->getheight if not defined $b;
382 ($l,$r)=($r,$l) if $l>$r;
383 ($t,$b)=($b,$t) if $t>$b;
386 $l=int(0.5+($w-$hsh{'width'})/2);
391 if ($hsh{'height'}) {
392 $b=int(0.5+($h-$hsh{'height'})/2);
393 $t=$h+$hsh{'height'};
395 $hsh{'height'}=$b-$t;
398 # print "l=$l, r=$r, h=$hsh{'width'}\n";
399 # print "t=$t, b=$b, w=$hsh{'height'}\n";
401 my $dst=Imager->new(xsize=>$hsh{'width'},ysize=>$hsh{'height'},channels=>$self->getchannels());
403 i_copyto($dst->{IMG},$self->{IMG},$l,$t,$r,$b,0,0);
407 # Sets an image to a certain size and channel number
408 # if there was previously data in the image it is discarded
413 my %hsh=(xsize=>100,ysize=>100,channels=>3,@_);
415 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
416 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
420 $self->{IMG}=Imager::ImgRaw::new($hsh{'xsize'},$hsh{'ysize'},$hsh{'channels'});
423 # Read an image from file
430 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
431 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
435 if (!$input{fd} and !$input{file} and !$input{data}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='no file, fd or data parameter'; return undef; }
437 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
438 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
442 if ($input{fd}) { $fd=$input{fd} };
444 # FIXME: Find the format here if not specified
445 # yes the code isn't here yet - next week maybe?
447 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
448 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
450 my %iolready=(jpeg=>1, tiff=>1, pnm=>1);
452 if ($iolready{$input{type}}) {
454 $IO = io_new_fd($fd); # sort of simple for now eh?
456 if ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
457 ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_wiol( $IO );
458 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image'; return undef; }
459 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
463 if ( $input{type} eq 'tiff' ) {
464 $self->{IMG}=i_readtiff_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
465 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read tiff image'; return undef; }
466 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a tiff file\n";
470 if ( $input{type} eq 'pnm' ) {
471 $self->{IMG}=i_readpnm_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
472 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read pnm image: '._error_as_msg(); return undef; }
473 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a pnm file\n";
479 # Old code for reference while changing the new stuff
482 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
483 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef; }
485 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
488 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
489 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
493 if ($input{fd}) { $fd=$input{fd} };
495 if ( $input{type} eq 'gif' ) {
496 if (exists $input{data}) { $self->{IMG}=i_readgif_scalar($input{data}); }
497 else { $self->{IMG}=i_readgif( $fd ) }
498 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read gif image'; return undef; }
499 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a gif file\n";
500 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
501 if (exists $input{data}) { ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_scalar($input{data}); }
502 else { ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg( $fd ); }
503 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image'; return undef; }
504 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
505 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'png' ) {
506 if (exists $input{data}) { $self->{IMG}=i_readpng_scalar($input{data}); }
507 else { $self->{IMG}=i_readpng( $fd ); }
508 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read png image'; return undef; }
509 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a png file\n";
510 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'raw' ) {
511 my %params=(datachannels=>3,storechannels=>3,interleave=>1);
512 for(keys(%input)) { $params{$_}=$input{$_}; }
514 if ( !($params{xsize} && $params{ysize}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing xsize or ysize parameter for raw'; return undef; }
515 $self->{IMG}=i_readraw( $fd, $params{xsize}, $params{ysize},
516 $params{datachannels}, $params{storechannels}, $params{interleave});
517 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read raw image'; return undef; }
518 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a raw file\n";
525 # Write an image to file
529 my %input=(jpegquality=>75, gifquant=>'mc', lmdither=>6.0, lmfixed=>[], @_);
530 my ($fh, $rc, $fd, $IO);
532 my %iolready=( tiff=>1 ); # this will be SO MUCH BETTER once they are all in there
534 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
536 if (!$input{file} and !$input{'fd'} and !$input{'data'}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='file/fd/data parameter missing'; return undef; }
537 if (!$input{type}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
538 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef; }
540 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
542 if (exists $input{'fd'}) {
544 } elsif (exists $input{'data'}) {
545 $IO = Imager::io_new_bufchain();
547 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"w+");
548 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
555 if ($iolready{$input{type}}) {
557 $IO = io_new_fd($fd);
560 if ($input{type} eq 'tiff') {
561 if (!i_writetiff_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO)) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not write to buffer'; return undef; }
564 my $data = io_slurp($IO);
565 if (!$data) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not slurp from buffer'; return undef; }
567 ${$input{data}} = $data;
571 if ( $input{type} eq 'gif' ) {
572 if (not $input{gifplanes}) {
574 my $count=i_count_colors($self->{IMG}, 256);
575 $gp=8 if $count == -1;
576 $gp=1 if not $gp and $count <= 2;
577 $gp=2 if not $gp and $count <= 4;
578 $gp=3 if not $gp and $count <= 8;
579 $gp=4 if not $gp and $count <= 16;
580 $gp=5 if not $gp and $count <= 32;
581 $gp=6 if not $gp and $count <= 64;
582 $gp=7 if not $gp and $count <= 128;
583 $input{gifplanes} = $gp || 8;
586 if ($input{gifplanes}>8) {
589 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen' || $input{callback}) {
592 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
594 $input{make_colors} = 'addi';
595 $input{translate} = 'perturb';
596 $input{perturb} = $input{lmdither};
597 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen') {
598 # just pass options through
600 $input{make_colors} = 'webmap'; # ignored
601 $input{translate} = 'giflib';
604 if ($input{callback}) {
605 defined $input{maxbuffer} or $input{maxbuffer} = -1;
606 $rc = i_writegif_callback($input{callback}, $input{maxbuffer},
607 \%input, $self->{IMG});
609 $rc = i_writegif_gen($fd, \%input, $self->{IMG});
614 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
615 $rc=i_writegif($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes},$input{lmdither},$input{lmfixed});
617 $rc=i_writegifmc($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes});
619 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
620 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write gif image'; return undef;
622 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a gif file\n";
624 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
625 $rc=i_writejpeg($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{jpegquality});
626 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
627 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write jpeg image'; return undef;
629 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a jpeg file\n";
630 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'png' ) {
631 $rc=i_writepng($self->{IMG},$fd);
632 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
633 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write png image'; return undef;
635 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a png file\n";
636 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'pnm' ) {
637 $rc=i_writeppm($self->{IMG},$fd);
638 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
639 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write pnm image'; return undef;
641 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a pnm file\n";
642 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'raw' ) {
643 $rc=i_writeraw($self->{IMG},$fd);
644 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
645 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write raw image'; return undef;
647 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a raw file\n";
648 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'tiff' ) {
649 $rc=i_writetiff_wiol($self->{IMG},io_new_fd($fd) );
650 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
651 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write tiff image'; return undef;
653 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a tiff file\n";
661 my ($class, $opts, @images) = @_;
663 if ($opts->{type} eq 'gif') {
664 # translate to ImgRaw
665 if (grep !UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Imager') || !$_->{IMG}, @images) {
666 $ERRSTR = "Usage: Imager->write_multi({ options }, @images)";
669 my @work = map $_->{IMG}, @images;
670 if ($opts->{callback}) {
671 # Note: you may need to fix giflib for this one to work
672 my $maxbuffer = $opts->{maxbuffer};
673 defined $maxbuffer or $maxbuffer = -1; # max by default
674 return i_writegif_callback($opts->{callback}, $maxbuffer,
678 return i_writegif_gen($opts->{fd}, $opts, @work);
681 my $fh = IO::File->new($opts->{file}, "w+");
683 $ERRSTR = "Error creating $opts->{file}: $!";
687 return i_writegif_gen(fileno($fh), $opts, @work);
691 $ERRSTR = "Sorry, write_multi doesn't support $opts->{type} yet";
696 # Destroy an Imager object
700 # delete $instances{$self};
701 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
702 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
705 # print "Destroy Called on an empty image!\n"; # why did I put this here??
709 # Perform an inplace filter of an image
710 # that is the image will be overwritten with the data
716 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
718 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing'; return undef; }
720 if ( (grep { $_ eq $input{type} } keys %filters) != 1) {
721 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter not matching any filter'; return undef;
724 if (defined($filters{$input{type}}{defaults})) {
725 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%{$filters{$input{type}}{defaults}},%input);
727 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%input);
730 my @cs=@{$filters{$input{type}}{callseq}};
733 if (!defined($hsh{$_})) {
734 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing parameter '$_' for filter ".$input{type}; return undef;
738 &{$filters{$input{type}}{callsub}}(%hsh);
742 $self->{DEBUG} && print "callseq is: @cs\n";
743 $self->{DEBUG} && print "matching callseq is: @b\n";
748 # Scale an image to requested size and return the scaled version
752 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,type=>'max',qtype=>'normal',@_);
753 my $img = Imager->new();
754 my $tmp = Imager->new();
756 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
758 if ($opts{xpixels} and $opts{ypixels} and $opts{type}) {
759 my ($xpix,$ypix)=( $opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth() , $opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight() );
760 if ($opts{type} eq 'min') { $opts{scalefactor}=min($xpix,$ypix); }
761 if ($opts{type} eq 'max') { $opts{scalefactor}=max($xpix,$ypix); }
762 } elsif ($opts{xpixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
763 elsif ($opts{ypixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight(); }
765 if ($opts{qtype} eq 'normal') {
766 $tmp->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
767 if ( !defined($tmp->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
768 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($tmp->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
769 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
772 if ($opts{'qtype'} eq 'preview') {
773 $img->{IMG}=i_scale_nn($self->{IMG},$opts{'scalefactor'},$opts{'scalefactor'});
774 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
777 $self->{ERRSTR}='scale: invalid value for qtype'; return undef;
780 # Scales only along the X axis
784 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
786 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
788 my $img = Imager->new();
790 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
792 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
793 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
795 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
799 # Scales only along the Y axis
803 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
805 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
807 my $img = Imager->new();
809 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getheight(); }
811 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
812 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
814 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
819 # Transform returns a spatial transformation of the input image
820 # this moves pixels to a new location in the returned image.
821 # NOTE - should make a utility function to check transforms for
826 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
828 my (@op,@ropx,@ropy,$iop,$or,@parm,$expr,@xt,@yt,@pt,$numre);
830 # print Dumper(\%opts);
833 if ( $opts{'xexpr'} and $opts{'yexpr'} ) {
835 eval ("use Affix::Infix2Postfix;");
838 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: expr given and Affix::Infix2Postfix is not avaliable.';
841 $I2P=Affix::Infix2Postfix->new('ops'=>[{op=>'+',trans=>'Add'},
842 {op=>'-',trans=>'Sub'},
843 {op=>'*',trans=>'Mult'},
844 {op=>'/',trans=>'Div'},
845 {op=>'-',type=>'unary',trans=>'u-'},
847 {op=>'func',type=>'unary'}],
848 'grouping'=>[qw( \( \) )],
849 'func'=>[qw( sin cos )],
854 @xt=$I2P->translate($opts{'xexpr'});
855 @yt=$I2P->translate($opts{'yexpr'});
857 $numre=$I2P->{'numre'};
860 for(@xt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},$_); } }
861 for(@yt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},$_); } }
862 @{$opts{'parm'}}=@pt;
865 # print Dumper(\%opts);
867 if ( !exists $opts{'xopcodes'} or @{$opts{'xopcodes'}}==0) {
868 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no xopcodes given.';
872 @op=@{$opts{'xopcodes'}};
874 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
875 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
878 push(@ropx,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
884 if ( !exists $opts{'yopcodes'} or @{$opts{'yopcodes'}}==0) {
885 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no yopcodes given.';
889 @op=@{$opts{'yopcodes'}};
891 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
892 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
895 push(@ropy,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
900 if ( !exists $opts{'parm'}) {
901 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no parameter arg given.';
905 # print Dumper(\@ropx);
906 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
907 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
909 my $img = Imager->new();
910 $img->{IMG}=i_transform($self->{IMG},\@ropx,\@ropy,$opts{'parm'});
911 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: failed'; return undef; }
919 my ($opts, @imgs) = @_;
922 # this is fairly big, delay loading it
923 eval "use Imager::Expr";
928 $opts->{variables} = [ qw(x y) ];
929 my ($width, $height) = @{$opts}{qw(width height)};
931 $width ||= $imgs[0]->getwidth();
932 $height ||= $imgs[0]->getheight();
934 for my $img (@imgs) {
935 $opts->{constants}{"w$img_num"} = $img->getwidth();
936 $opts->{constants}{"h$img_num"} = $img->getheight();
937 $opts->{constants}{"cx$img_num"} = $img->getwidth()/2;
938 $opts->{constants}{"cy$img_num"} = $img->getheight()/2;
943 $opts->{constants}{w} = $width;
944 $opts->{constants}{cx} = $width/2;
947 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No width supplied";
951 $opts->{constants}{h} = $height;
952 $opts->{constants}{cy} = $height/2;
955 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No height supplied";
958 my $code = Imager::Expr->new($opts);
960 $Imager::ERRSTR = Imager::Expr::error();
964 my $img = Imager->new();
965 $img->{IMG} = i_transform2($opts->{width}, $opts->{height}, $code->code(),
966 $code->nregs(), $code->cregs(),
967 [ map { $_->{IMG} } @imgs ]);
968 if (!defined $img->{IMG}) {
969 $Imager::ERRSTR = "transform2 failed";
986 my %opts=(tx=>0,ty=>0,@_);
988 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
989 unless ($opts{src} && $opts{src}->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image for source'; return undef; }
991 i_rubthru($self->{IMG}, $opts{src}->{IMG}, $opts{tx},$opts{ty});
997 # These two are supported for legacy code only
1000 return Imager::Color->new($_[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]);
1004 return Imager::Color::set($_[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3], $_[4]);
1009 # Draws a box between the specified corner points.
1013 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1014 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1015 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,xmin=>0,ymin=>0,xmax=>$self->getwidth()-1,ymax=>$self->getheight()-1,@_);
1017 if (exists $opts{'box'}) {
1018 $opts{'xmin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1019 $opts{'xmax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1020 $opts{'ymin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1021 $opts{'ymax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1024 if ($opts{filled}) { i_box_filled($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},$opts{color}); }
1025 else { i_box($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},$opts{color}); }
1029 # Draws an arc - this routine SUCKS and is buggy - it sometimes doesn't work when the arc is a convex polygon
1033 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1034 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1035 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,
1036 'r'=>min($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight())/3,
1037 'x'=>$self->getwidth()/2,
1038 'y'=>$self->getheight()/2,
1039 'd1'=>0, 'd2'=>361, @_);
1040 i_arc($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},$opts{'d1'},$opts{'d2'},$opts{'color'});
1044 # Draws a line from one point to (but not including) the destination point
1048 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1049 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1050 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1052 unless (exists $opts{x1} and exists $opts{y1}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing begining coord'; return undef; }
1053 unless (exists $opts{x2} and exists $opts{y2}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing ending coord'; return undef; }
1055 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1056 i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2}, $opts{color});
1058 i_draw($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2}, $opts{color});
1063 # Draws a line between an ordered set of points - It more or less just transforms this
1064 # into a list of lines.
1068 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1069 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1070 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1072 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1074 if (exists($opts{points})) { @points=@{$opts{points}}; }
1075 if (!exists($opts{points}) and exists($opts{'x'}) and exists($opts{'y'}) ) {
1076 @points=map { [ $opts{'x'}->[$_],$opts{'y'}->[$_] ] } (0..(scalar @{$opts{'x'}}-1));
1079 # print Dumper(\@points);
1081 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1083 if (defined($ls)) { i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$opts{color}); }
1088 if (defined($ls)) { i_draw($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$opts{color}); }
1095 # this the multipoint bezier curve
1096 # this is here more for testing that actual usage since
1097 # this is not a good algorithm. Usually the curve would be
1098 # broken into smaller segments and each done individually.
1102 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1103 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1104 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1106 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1108 if (exists $opts{points}) {
1109 $opts{'x'}=map { $_->[0]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1110 $opts{'y'}=map { $_->[1]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1113 unless ( @{$opts{'x'}} and @{$opts{'x'}} == @{$opts{'y'}} ) {
1114 $self->{ERRSTR}='Missing or invalid points.';
1118 i_bezier_multi($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'color'});
1123 # destructive border - image is shrunk by one pixel all around
1126 my ($self,%opts)=@_;
1127 my($tx,$ty)=($self->getwidth()-1,$self->getheight()-1);
1128 $self->polyline('x'=>[0,$tx,$tx,0,0],'y'=>[0,0,$ty,$ty,0],%opts);
1132 # Get the width of an image
1136 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1137 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[0];
1140 # Get the height of an image
1144 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1145 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[1];
1148 # Get number of channels in an image
1152 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1153 return i_img_getchannels($self->{IMG});
1160 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1161 return i_img_getmask($self->{IMG});
1169 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1170 i_img_setmask( $self->{IMG} , $opts{mask} );
1173 # Get number of colors in an image
1177 my %opts=(maxcolors=>2**30,@_);
1178 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR}='image is empty'; return undef; }
1179 my $rc=i_count_colors($self->{IMG},$opts{'maxcolors'});
1180 return ($rc==-1? undef : $rc);
1183 # draw string to an image
1187 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1189 my %input=('x'=>0, 'y'=>0, @_);
1190 $input{string}||=$input{text};
1192 unless(exists $input{string}) {
1193 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'string'";
1197 unless($input{font}) {
1198 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'font'";
1203 my $font=$input{'font'};
1204 my $align=$font->{'align'} unless exists $input{'align'};
1205 my $color=$input{'color'} || $font->{'color'};
1206 my $size=$input{'size'} || $font->{'size'};
1208 if (!defined($size)) { $self->{ERRSTR}='No size parameter and no default in font'; return undef; }
1210 $aa=$font->{'aa'} if exists $font->{'aa'};
1211 $aa=$input{'aa'} if exists $input{'aa'};
1215 # unless($font->can('text')) {
1216 # $self->{ERRSTR}="font is unable to do what we need";
1221 # warn Dumper($font);
1223 # print "Channel=".$input{'channel'}."\n";
1225 if ( $font->{'type'} eq 't1' ) {
1226 if ( exists $input{'channel'} ) {
1227 Imager::Font::t1_set_aa_level($aa);
1228 i_t1_cp($self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},
1229 $input{'channel'},$font->{'id'},$size,
1230 $input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),1);
1232 Imager::Font::t1_set_aa_level($aa);
1233 i_t1_text($self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},
1234 $color,$font->{'id'},$size,
1235 $input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),1);
1239 if ( $font->{'type'} eq 'tt' ) {
1240 if ( exists $input{'channel'} ) {
1241 i_tt_cp($font->{'id'},$self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},$input{'channel'},
1242 $size,$input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),$aa);
1244 i_tt_text($font->{'id'},$self->{IMG},$input{'x'},$input{'y'},$color,$size,
1245 $input{'string'},length($input{'string'}),$aa);
1256 # Shortcuts that can be exported
1258 sub newcolor { Imager::Color->new(@_); }
1259 sub newfont { Imager::Font->new(@_); }
1261 *NC=*newcolour=*newcolor;
1268 #### Utility routines
1270 sub errstr { $_[0]->{ERRSTR} }
1277 # Default guess for the type of an image from extension
1279 sub def_guess_type {
1282 $ext=($name =~ m/\.([^\.]+)$/)[0];
1283 return 'tiff' if ($ext =~ m/^tiff?$/);
1284 return 'jpeg' if ($ext =~ m/^jpe?g$/);
1285 return 'pnm' if ($ext =~ m/^p[pgb]m$/);
1286 return 'png' if ($ext eq "png");
1287 return 'gif' if ($ext eq "gif");
1291 # get the minimum of a list
1295 for(@_) { if ($_<$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
1299 # get the maximum of a list
1303 for(@_) { if ($_>$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
1307 # string stuff for iptc headers
1311 $str = substr($str,3);
1312 $str =~ s/[\n\r]//g;
1319 # A little hack to parse iptc headers.
1324 my($caption,$photogr,$headln,$credit);
1326 my $str=$self->{IPTCRAW};
1330 @ar=split(/8BIM/,$str);
1335 @sar=split(/\034\002/);
1336 foreach $item (@sar) {
1337 if ($item =~ m/^x/) {
1338 $caption=&clean($item);
1341 if ($item =~ m/^P/) {
1342 $photogr=&clean($item);
1345 if ($item =~ m/^i/) {
1346 $headln=&clean($item);
1349 if ($item =~ m/^n/) {
1350 $credit=&clean($item);
1356 return (caption=>$caption,photogr=>$photogr,headln=>$headln,credit=>$credit);
1364 # Autoload methods go after =cut, and are processed by the autosplit program.
1368 # Below is the stub of documentation for your module. You better edit it!
1372 Imager - Perl extension for Generating 24 bit Images
1376 use Imager qw(init);
1379 $img = Imager->new();
1380 $img->open(file=>'image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
1381 || print "failed: ",$img->{ERRSTR},"\n";
1382 $scaled=$img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400);
1383 $scaled->write(file=>'sc_image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
1384 || print "failed: ",$scaled->{ERRSTR},"\n";
1388 Imager is a module for creating and altering images - It is not meant
1389 as a replacement or a competitor to ImageMagick or GD. Both are
1390 excellent packages and well supported.
1394 Almost all functions take the parameters in the hash fashion.
1397 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png');
1401 $img->open(file=>'lena.png');
1403 =head2 Basic concept
1405 An Image object is created with C<$img = Imager-E<gt>new()> Should
1406 this fail for some reason an explanation can be found in
1407 C<$Imager::ERRSTR> usually error messages are stored in
1408 C<$img-E<gt>{ERRSTR}>, but since no object is created this is the only
1409 way to give back errors. C<$Imager::ERRSTR> is also used to report
1410 all errors not directly associated with an image object. Examples:
1412 $img=Imager->new(); # This is an empty image (size is 0 by 0)
1413 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png'); # initializes from file
1415 or if you want to create an empty image:
1417 $img=Imager->new(xsize=>400,ysize=>300,channels=>4);
1419 This example creates a completely black image of width 400 and
1420 height 300 and 4 channels.
1422 If you have an existing image, use img_set() to change it's dimensions
1423 - this will destroy any existing image data:
1425 $img->img_set(xsize=>500, ysize=>500, channels=>4);
1427 Color objects are created by calling the Imager::Color->new()
1430 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue);
1431 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue, $alpha);
1432 $color = Imager::Color->new("#C0C0FF"); # html color specification
1434 This object can then be passed to functions that require a color parameter.
1436 Coordinates in Imager have the origin in the upper left corner. The
1437 horizontal coordinate increases to the right and the vertical
1440 =head2 Reading and writing images
1442 C<$img-E<gt>read()> generally takes two parameters, 'file' and 'type'.
1443 If the type of the file can be determined from the suffix of the file
1444 it can be omitted. Format dependant parameters are: For images of
1445 type 'raw' two extra parameters are needed 'xsize' and 'ysize', if the
1446 'channel' parameter is omitted for type 'raw' it is assumed to be 3.
1447 gif and png images might have a palette are converted to truecolor bit
1448 when read. Alpha channel is preserved for png images irregardless of
1449 them being in RGB or gray colorspace. Similarly grayscale jpegs are
1450 one channel images after reading them. For jpeg images the iptc
1451 header information (stored in the APP13 header) is avaliable to some
1452 degree. You can get the raw header with C<$img-E<gt>{IPTCRAW}>, but
1453 you can also retrieve the most basic information with
1454 C<%hsh=$img-E<gt>parseiptc()> as always patches are welcome. Neither
1455 pnm nor tiff have extra options. Examples:
1457 $img = Imager->new();
1458 $img->read(file=>"cover.jpg") or die $img->errstr; # gets type from name
1460 $img = Imager->new();
1461 { local(*FH,$/); open(FH,"file.gif") or die $!; $a=<FH>; }
1462 $img->read(data=>$a,type=>'gif') or die $img->errstr;
1464 The second example shows how to read an image from a scalar, this is
1465 usefull if your data originates from somewhere else than a filesystem
1466 such as a database over a DBI connection.
1468 *Note that load() is now an alias for read but will be removed later*
1470 C<$img-E<gt>write> has the same interface as C<read()>. The earlier
1471 comments on C<read()> for autodetecting filetypes apply. For jpegs
1472 quality can be adjusted via the 'jpegquality' parameter (0-100). The
1473 number of colorplanes in gifs are set with 'gifplanes' and should be
1474 between 1 (2 color) and 8 (256 colors). It is also possible to choose
1475 between two quantizing methods with the parameter 'gifquant'. If set
1476 to mc it uses the mediancut algorithm from either giflibrary. If set
1477 to lm it uses a local means algorithm. It is then possible to give
1478 some extra settings. lmdither is the dither deviation amount in pixels
1479 (manhattan distance). lmfixed can be an array ref who holds an array
1480 of Imager::Color objects. Note that the local means algorithm needs
1481 much more cpu time but also gives considerable better results than the
1482 median cut algorithm.
1484 Currently just for gif files, you can specify various options for the
1485 conversion from Imager's internal RGB format to the target's indexed
1486 file format. If you set the gifquant option to 'gen', you can use the
1487 options specified under L<Quantization options>.
1489 To see what Imager is compiled to support the following code snippet
1493 print "@{[keys %Imager::formats]}";
1495 =head2 Multi-image files
1497 Currently just for gif files, you can create files that contain more
1502 Imager->write_multi(\%opts, @images)
1504 Where %opts describes 3 possible types of outputs:
1510 A code reference which is called with a single parameter, the data to
1511 be written. You can also specify $opts{maxbuffer} which is the
1512 maximum amount of data buffered. Note that there can be larger writes
1513 than this if the file library writes larger blocks. A smaller value
1514 maybe useful for writing to a socket for incremental display.
1518 The file descriptor to save the images to.
1522 The name of the file to write to.
1524 %opts may also include the keys from L<Gif options> and L<Quantization
1529 The current aim is to support other multiple image formats in the
1530 future, such as TIFF, and to support reading multiple images from a
1536 # ... code to put images in @images
1537 Imager->write_multi({type=>'gif',
1539 gif_delays=>[ 10 x @images ] },
1545 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
1546 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
1547 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
1549 Note that some viewers will ignore some of these options
1550 (gif_user_input in particular).
1554 =item gif_each_palette
1556 Each image in the gif file has it's own palette if this is non-zero.
1557 All but the first image has a local colour table (the first uses the
1558 global colour table.
1562 The images are written interlaced if this is non-zero.
1566 A reference to an array containing the delays between images, in 1/100
1569 =item gif_user_input
1571 A reference to an array contains user input flags. If the given flag
1572 is non-zero the image viewer should wait for input before displaying
1577 A reference to an array of image disposal methods. These define what
1578 should be done to the image before displaying the next one. These are
1579 integers, where 0 means unspecified, 1 means the image should be left
1580 in place, 2 means restore to background colour and 3 means restore to
1583 =item gif_tran_color
1585 A reference to an Imager::Color object, which is the colour to use for
1586 the palette entry used to represent transparency in the palette. You
1587 need to set the transp option (see L<Quantization options>) for this
1592 A reference to an array of references to arrays which represent screen
1593 positions for each image.
1595 =item gif_loop_count
1597 If this is non-zero the Netscape loop extension block is generated,
1598 which makes the animation of the images repeat.
1600 This is currently unimplemented due to some limitations in giflib.
1604 =head2 Quantization options
1606 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
1607 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
1608 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
1614 A arrayref of colors that are fixed. Note that some color generators
1619 The type of transparency processing to perform for images with an
1620 alpha channel where the output format does not have a proper alpha
1621 channel (eg. gif). This can be any of:
1627 No transparency processing is done. (default)
1631 Pixels more transparent that tr_threshold are rendered as transparent.
1635 An error diffusion dither is done on the alpha channel. Note that
1636 this is independent of the translation performed on the colour
1637 channels, so some combinations may cause undesired artifacts.
1641 The ordered dither specified by tr_orddith is performed on the alpha
1646 This will only be used if the image has an alpha channel, and if there
1647 is space in the palette for a transparency colour.
1651 The highest alpha value at which a pixel will be made transparent when
1652 transp is 'threshold'. (0-255, default 127)
1656 The type of error diffusion to perform on the alpha channel when
1657 transp is 'errdiff'. This can be any defined error diffusion type
1658 except for custom (see errdiff below).
1662 The type of ordered dither to perform on the alpha channel when transp
1663 is 'ordered'. Possible values are:
1669 A semi-random map is used. The map is the same each time. Currently
1670 the default (which may change.)
1682 horizontal line dither.
1686 vertical line dither.
1692 diagonal line dither
1698 diagonal line dither
1702 A custom dither matrix is used - see tr_map
1708 When tr_orddith is custom this defines an 8 x 8 matrix of integers
1709 representing the transparency threshold for pixels corresponding to
1710 each position. This should be a 64 element array where the first 8
1711 entries correspond to the first row of the matrix. Values should be
1716 Defines how the quantization engine will build the palette(s).
1717 Currently this is ignored if 'translate' is 'giflib', but that may
1718 change. Possible values are:
1724 Only colors supplied in 'colors' are used.
1728 The web color map is used (need url here.)
1732 The original code for generating the color map (Addi's code) is used.
1736 Other methods may be added in the future.
1740 A arrayref containing Imager::Color objects, which represents the
1741 starting set of colors to use in translating the images. webmap will
1742 ignore this. The final colors used are copied back into this array
1743 (which is expanded if necessary.)
1747 The maximum number of colors to use in the image.
1751 The method used to translate the RGB values in the source image into
1752 the colors selected by make_colors. Note that make_colors is ignored
1753 whene translate is 'giflib'.
1755 Possible values are:
1761 The giflib native quantization function is used.
1765 The closest color available is used.
1769 The pixel color is modified by perturb, and the closest color is chosen.
1773 An error diffusion dither is performed.
1777 It's possible other transate values will be added.
1781 The type of error diffusion dither to perform. These values (except
1782 for custom) can also be used in tr_errdif.
1788 Floyd-Steinberg dither
1792 Jarvis, Judice and Ninke dither
1800 Custom. If you use this you must also set errdiff_width,
1801 errdiff_height and errdiff_map.
1807 =item errdiff_height
1813 When translate is 'errdiff' and errdiff is 'custom' these define a
1814 custom error diffusion map. errdiff_width and errdiff_height define
1815 the size of the map in the arrayref in errdiff_map. errdiff_orig is
1816 an integer which indicates the current pixel position in the top row
1821 When translate is 'perturb' this is the magnitude of the random bias
1822 applied to each channel of the pixel before it is looked up in the
1827 =head2 Obtaining/setting attributes of images
1829 To get the size of an image in pixels the C<$img-E<gt>getwidth()> and
1830 C<$img-E<gt>getheight()> are used.
1832 To get the number of channels in
1833 an image C<$img-E<gt>getchannels()> is used. $img-E<gt>getmask() and
1834 $img-E<gt>setmask() are used to get/set the channel mask of the image.
1836 $mask=$img->getmask();
1837 $img->setmask(mask=>1+2); # modify red and green only
1838 $img->setmask(mask=>8); # modify alpha only
1839 $img->setmask(mask=>$mask); # restore previous mask
1841 The mask of an image describes which channels are updated when some
1842 operation is performed on an image. Naturally it is not possible to
1843 apply masks to operations like scaling that alter the dimensions of
1846 It is possible to have Imager find the number of colors in an image
1847 by using C<$img-E<gt>getcolorcount()>. It requires memory proportionally
1848 to the number of colors in the image so it is possible to have it
1849 stop sooner if you only need to know if there are more than a certain number
1850 of colors in the image. If there are more colors than asked for
1851 the function return undef. Examples:
1853 if (!defined($img->getcolorcount(maxcolors=>512)) {
1854 print "Less than 512 colors in image\n";
1857 =head2 Drawing Methods
1859 IMPLEMENTATION MORE OR LESS DONE CHECK THE TESTS
1861 DOCUMENTATION OF THIS SECTION OUT OF SYNC
1863 It is possible to draw with graphics primitives onto images. Such
1864 primitives include boxes, arcs, circles and lines. A reference
1865 oriented list follows.
1868 $img->box(color=>$blue,xmin=>10,ymin=>30,xmax=>200,ymax=>300,filled=>1);
1870 The above example calls the C<box> method for the image and the box
1871 covers the pixels with in the rectangle specified. If C<filled> is
1872 ommited it is drawn as an outline. If any of the edges of the box are
1873 ommited it will snap to the outer edge of the image in that direction.
1874 Also if a color is omitted a color with (255,255,255,255) is used
1878 $img->arc(color=>$red, r=20, x=>200, y=>100, d1=>10, d2=>20 );
1880 This creates a filled red arc with a 'center' at (200, 100) and spans
1881 10 degrees and the slice has a radius of 20. SEE section on BUGS.
1884 $img->circle(color=>$green, r=50, x=>200, y=>100);
1886 This creates a green circle with its center at (200, 100) and has a
1890 $img->line(color=>$green, x1=10, x2=>100,
1891 y1=>20, y2=>50, antialias=>1 );
1893 That draws an antialiased line from (10,100) to (20,50).
1896 $img->polyline(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
1897 $img->polyline(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], antialias=>1);
1899 Polyline is used to draw multilple lines between a series of points.
1900 The point set can either be specified as an arrayref to an array of
1901 array references (where each such array represents a point). The
1902 other way is to specify two array references.
1904 =head2 Text rendering
1906 Text rendering is described in the Imager::Font manpage.
1908 =head2 Image resizing
1910 To scale an image so porportions are maintained use the
1911 C<$img-E<gt>scale()> method. if you give either a xpixels or ypixels
1912 parameter they will determine the width or height respectively. If
1913 both are given the one resulting in a larger image is used. example:
1914 C<$img> is 700 pixels wide and 500 pixels tall.
1916 $img->scale(xpixels=>400); # 400x285
1917 $img->scale(ypixels=>400); # 560x400
1919 $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400); # 560x400
1920 $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400,type=>min); # 400x285
1922 $img->scale(scalefactor=>0.25); 175x125 $img->scale(); # 350x250
1924 if you want to create low quality previews of images you can pass
1925 C<qtype=E<gt>'preview'> to scale and it will use nearest neighbor
1926 sampling instead of filtering. It is much faster but also generates
1927 worse looking images - especially if the original has a lot of sharp
1928 variations and the scaled image is by more than 3-5 times smaller than
1931 If you need to scale images per axis it is best to do it simply by
1932 calling scaleX and scaleY. You can pass either 'scalefactor' or
1933 'pixels' to both functions.
1935 Another way to resize an image size is to crop it. The parameters
1936 to crop are the edges of the area that you want in the returned image.
1937 If a parameter is omited a default is used instead.
1939 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100, top=>10, bottom=>100);
1940 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, top=>10, width=>50, height=>90);
1941 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100); # top
1943 You can also specify width and height parameters which will produce a
1944 new image cropped from the center of the input image, with the given
1947 $newimg = $img->crop(width=>50, height=>50);
1949 The width and height parameters take precedence over the left/right
1950 and top/bottom parameters respectively.
1952 =head2 Copying images
1954 To create a copy of an image use the C<copy()> method. This is usefull
1955 if you want to keep an original after doing something that changes the image
1956 inplace like writing text.
1960 To copy an image to onto another image use the C<paste()> method.
1962 $dest->paste(left=>40,top=>20,img=>$logo);
1964 That copies the entire C<$logo> image onto the C<$dest> image so that the
1965 upper left corner of the C<$logo> image is at (40,20).
1967 =head2 Blending Images
1969 To put an image or a part of an image directly into another it is
1970 best to call the C<paste()> method on the image you want to add to.
1972 $img->paste(img=>$srcimage,left=>30,top=>50);
1974 That will take paste C<$srcimage> into C<$img> with the upper
1975 left corner at (30,50). If no values are given for C<left>
1976 or C<top> they will default to 0.
1978 A more complicated way of blending images is where one image is
1979 put 'over' the other with a certain amount of opaqueness. The
1980 method that does this is rubthrough.
1982 $img->rubthrough(src=>$srcimage,tx=>30,ty=>50);
1984 That will take the image C<$srcimage> and overlay it with the
1985 upper left corner at (30,50). The C<$srcimage> must be a 4 channel
1986 image. The last channel is used as an alpha channel.
1991 A special image method is the filter method. An example is:
1993 $img->filter(type=>'autolevels');
1995 This will call the autolevels filter. Here is a list of the filters
1996 that are always avaliable in Imager. This list can be obtained by
1997 running the C<filterlist.perl> script that comes with the module
2002 autolevels lsat(0.1) usat(0.1) skew(0)
2004 noise amount(3) subtype(0)
2007 gradgen xo yo colors dist
2009 The default values are in parenthesis. All parameters must have some
2010 value but if a parameter has a default value it may be omitted when
2011 calling the filter function.
2013 FIXME: make a seperate pod for filters?
2015 =head2 Transformations
2017 Another special image method is transform. It can be used to generate
2018 warps and rotations and such features. It can be given the operations
2019 in postfix notation or the module Affix::Infix2Postfix can be used.
2020 Look in the test case t/t55trans.t for an example.
2022 transform() needs expressions (or opcodes) that determine the source
2023 pixel for each target pixel. Source expressions are infix expressions
2024 using any of the +, -, *, / or ** binary operators, the - unary
2025 operator, ( and ) for grouping and the sin() and cos() functions. The
2026 target pixel is input as the variables x and y.
2028 You specify the x and y expressions as xexpr and yexpr respectively.
2029 You can also specify opcodes directly, but that's magic deep enough
2030 that you can look at the source code.
2032 You can still use the transform() function, but the transform2()
2033 function is just as fast and is more likely to be enhanced and
2036 Later versions of Imager also support a transform2() class method
2037 which allows you perform a more general set of operations, rather than
2038 just specifying a spatial transformation as with the transform()
2039 method, you can also perform colour transformations, image synthesis
2040 and image combinations.
2042 transform2() takes an reference to an options hash, and a list of
2043 images to operate one (this list may be empty):
2048 my $img = Imager::transform2(\%opts, @imgs)
2049 or die "transform2 failed: $Imager::ERRSTR";
2051 The options hash may define a transformation function, and optionally:
2057 width - the width of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied the
2058 width of the first input image is used. If there are no input images
2063 height - the height of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied
2064 the height of the first input image is used. If there are no input
2065 images an error occurs.
2069 constants - a reference to hash of constants to define for the
2070 expression engine. Some extra constants are defined by Imager
2074 The tranformation function is specified using either the expr or
2075 rpnexpr member of the options.
2079 =item Infix expressions
2081 You can supply infix expressions to transform 2 with the expr keyword.
2083 $opts{expr} = 'return getp1(w-x, h-y)'
2085 The 'expression' supplied follows this general grammar:
2087 ( identifier '=' expr ';' )* 'return' expr
2089 This allows you to simplify your expressions using variables.
2091 A more complex example might be:
2093 $opts{expr} = 'pix = getp1(x,y); return if(value(pix)>0.8,pix*0.8,pix)'
2095 Currently to use infix expressions you must have the Parse::RecDescent
2096 module installed (available from CPAN). There is also what might be a
2097 significant delay the first time you run the infix expression parser
2098 due to the compilation of the expression grammar.
2100 =item Postfix expressions
2102 You can supply postfix or reverse-polish notation expressions to
2103 transform2() through the rpnexpr keyword.
2105 The parser for rpnexpr emulates a stack machine, so operators will
2106 expect to see their parameters on top of the stack. A stack machine
2107 isn't actually used during the image transformation itself.
2109 You can store the value at the top of the stack in a variable called
2110 foo using !foo and retrieve that value again using @foo. The !foo
2111 notation will pop the value from the stack.
2113 An example equivalent to the infix expression above:
2115 $opts{rpnexpr} = 'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.8 gt @pix 0.8 * @pix ifp'
2119 transform2() has a fairly rich range of operators.
2123 =item +, *, -, /, %, **
2125 multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, remainder and
2126 exponentiation. Multiplication, addition and subtraction can be used
2127 on colour values too - though you need to be careful - adding 2 white
2128 values together and multiplying by 0.5 will give you grey, not white.
2130 Division by zero (or a small number) just results in a large number.
2131 Modulo zero (or a small number) results in zero.
2133 =item sin(N), cos(N), atan2(y,x)
2135 Some basic trig functions. They work in radians, so you can't just
2138 =item distance(x1, y1, x2, y2)
2140 Find the distance between two points. This is handy (along with
2141 atan2()) for producing circular effects.
2145 Find the square root. I haven't had much use for this since adding
2146 the distance() function.
2150 Find the absolute value.
2152 =item getp1(x,y), getp2(x,y), getp3(x, y)
2154 Get the pixel at position (x,y) from the first, second or third image
2155 respectively. I may add a getpn() function at some point, but this
2156 prevents static checking of the instructions against the number of
2157 images actually passed in.
2159 =item value(c), hue(c), sat(c), hsv(h,s,v)
2161 Separates a colour value into it's value (brightness), hue (colour)
2162 and saturation elements. Use hsv() to put them back together (after
2163 suitable manipulation).
2165 =item red(c), green(c), blue(c), rgb(r,g,b)
2167 Separates a colour value into it's red, green and blue colours. Use
2168 rgb(r,g,b) to put it back together.
2172 Convert a value to an integer. Uses a C int cast, so it may break on
2175 =item if(cond,ntrue,nfalse), if(cond,ctrue,cfalse)
2177 A simple (and inefficient) if function.
2179 =item <=,<,==,>=,>,!=
2181 Relational operators (typically used with if()). Since we're working
2182 with floating point values the equalities are 'near equalities' - an
2183 epsilon value is used.
2185 =item &&, ||, not(n)
2187 Basic logical operators.
2195 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.7 gt @pat @pix ifp'
2197 tiles a smaller version of the input image over itself where the colour has a saturation over 0.7.
2199 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat y 360 / !rat x y getp1 1 @rat - pmult @pat @rat pmult padd'
2201 tiles the input image over itself so that at the top of the image the
2202 full-size image is at full strength and at the bottom the tiling is
2205 =item rpnexpr=>'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.96 gt @pix sat 0.1 lt and 128 128 255 rgb @pix ifp'
2207 replace pixels that are white or almost white with a palish blue
2209 =item rpnexpr=>'x 35 % 10 * y 45 % 8 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.2 lt @pix value 0.9 gt and @pix @pat @pix value 2 / 0.5 + pmult ifp'
2211 Tiles the input image overitself where the image isn't white or almost
2214 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a2 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
2218 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
2220 A spiral built on top of a colour wheel.
2224 For details on expression parsing see L<Imager::Expr>. For details on
2225 the virtual machine used to transform the images, see
2226 L<Imager::regmach.pod>.
2230 It is possible to add filters to the module without recompiling the
2231 module itself. This is done by using DSOs (Dynamic shared object)
2232 avaliable on most systems. This way you can maintain our own filters
2233 and not have to get me to add it, or worse patch every new version of
2234 the Module. Modules can be loaded AND UNLOADED at runtime. This
2235 means that you can have a server/daemon thingy that can do something
2238 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2239 %hsh=(a=>35,b=>200,type=>lin_stretch);
2241 unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2242 $img->write(type=>'pnm',file=>'testout/t60.jpg')
2243 || die "error in write()\n";
2245 Someone decides that the filter is not working as it should -
2246 dyntest.c modified and recompiled.
2248 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2251 An example plugin comes with the module - Please send feedback to
2252 addi@umich.edu if you test this.
2254 Note: This seems to test ok on the following systems:
2255 Linux, Solaris, HPUX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, TRU64/OSF1, AIX.
2256 If you test this on other systems please let me know.
2260 box, arc, circle do not support antialiasing yet. arc, is only filled
2261 as of yet. Some routines do not return $self where they should. This
2262 affects code like this, C<$img-E<gt>box()-E<gt>arc()> where an object
2265 When saving Gif images the program does NOT try to shave of extra
2266 colors if it is possible. If you specify 128 colors and there are
2267 only 2 colors used - it will have a 128 colortable anyway.
2271 Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson, addi@umich.edu
2272 And a great deal of help from others - see the README for a complete
2276 perl(1), Imager::Color(3), Affix::Infix2Postfix(3), Parse::RecDescent(3)
2277 http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~addi/perl/Imager/