3 Imager::IO - Imager's io_layer object.
7 # Imager supplies Imager::IO objects to various callbacks
10 my $count = $IO->write($data);
11 my $count = $IO->read($buffer, $max_count);
12 my $position = $IO->seek($offset, $whence);
13 my $status = $IO->close;
17 Imager uses an abstraction when dealing with image files to allow the
18 same code to work with disk files, in memory data and callbacks.
20 If you're writing an Imager file handler your code will be passed an
21 Imager::IO object to write to or read from.
23 X<UTF-8>X<Unicode>Note that Imager::IO can only work with collections of bytes -
24 if you need to read UTF-8 data you will need to read the bytes and
25 decode them. If you want to write UTF-8 data you will need to encode
26 your characters to bytes and write the bytes.
34 Create a new I/O layer based on a file descriptor.
36 my $io = Imager::IO->new(fileno($fh));
38 =item new_buffer($data)
40 Create a new I/O layer based on a memory buffer.
42 The supplied variable must not be changed on the the life of the I/O
45 Buffer I/O layers are read only.
47 =item new_cb($writecb, $readcb, $seekcb, $closecb)
49 Create a new I/O layer based on callbacks. See
50 L<Imager::Files/"I/O Callbacks"> for details on the behavior of
55 Create a new C<bufchain> based I/O layer. This accumulates the file
56 data as a chain of buffers starting from an empty stream.
58 Use the L</slurp()> method to retrieve the accumulated content into a
63 =head1 BUFFERED I/O METHODS
65 These methods use buffered I/O to improve performance unless you call
66 set_buffered() to disable buffering.
68 Prior to Imager 0.86 the write and read methods performed raw I/O.
74 Call to write to the file. Returns the number of bytes written. The
75 data provided may contain only characters \x00 to \xFF - characters
76 outside this range will cause this method to croak().
78 If you supply a UTF-8 flagged string it will be converted to a byte
79 string, which may have a performance impact.
81 Returns -1 on error, though in most cases if the result of the write
82 isn't the number of bytes supplied you'll want to treat it as an error
85 =item read($buffer, $size)
88 my $count = $io->read($buffer, $max_bytes);
90 Reads up to I<$max_bytes> bytes from the current position in the file
91 and stores them in I<$buffer>. Returns the number of bytes read on
92 success or an empty list on failure. Note that a read of zero bytes
93 is B<not> a failure, this indicates end of file.
97 my $buffer = $io->read2($max_bytes);
99 An alternative interface to read, that might be simpler to use in some
102 Returns the data read or an empty list. At end of file the data read
103 will be an empty string.
105 =item seek($offset, $whence)
107 my $new_position = $io->seek($offset, $whence);
109 Seek to a new position in the file. Possible values for I<$whence> are:
115 C<SEEK_SET> - I<$offset> is the new position in the file.
119 C<SEEK_CUR> - I<$offset> is the offset from the current position in
124 C<SEEK_END> - I<$offset> is the offset relative to the end of the
129 Note that seeking past the end of the file may or may not result in an
132 Any buffered output will be flushed, if flushing fails, seek() will
135 Returns the new position in the file, or -1 on error.
139 Return the next byte from the stream.
141 Returns the ordinal of the byte or -1 on error or end of file.
143 while ((my $c = $io->getc) != -1) {
149 =item gets($max_size)
151 =item gets($max_size, $end_of_line)
153 Returns the next line of input from the stream, as terminated by
156 The default C<max_size> is 8192.
158 The default C<end_of_line> is C<ord "\n">.
160 Returns nothing if the stream is in error or at end of file.
162 Returns the line as a string, including the line terminator (if one
163 was found) on success.
165 while (defined(my $line = $io->gets)) {
166 # do something with $line
171 Return the buffered next character from the stream, loading the buffer
174 For an unbuffered stream a buffer will be setup and loaded with a
177 Returns the ordinal of the byte or -1 on error or end of file.
183 Returns up to the next C<size> bytes from the file as a string.
185 Only up to the stream buffer size bytes (currently 8192) can be peeked.
187 This method ignores the buffering state of the stream.
189 Returns nothing on EOF.
191 my $s = $io->peekn(4);
192 if ($s =~ /^(II|MM)\*\0/) {
198 Write a single character to the stream.
200 Returns C<code> on success, or -1 on failure.
204 my $result = $io->close;
206 Call when you're done with the file. If the IO object is connected to
207 a file this won't close the file handle, but buffers may be flushed
210 Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
216 Test if the stream is at end of file. No further read requests will
217 be passed to your read callback until you seek().
221 Test if the stream has encountered a read or write error.
223 my $data = $io->read2(100);
227 When the stream has the error flag set no further read or write
228 requests will be passed to your callbacks until you seek.
233 or die "Flush error";
235 Flush any buffered output. This will not call lower write layers when
236 the stream has it's error flag set.
238 Returns a true value on success.
242 Test if buffering is enabled for this stream.
244 Returns a true value if the stream is buffered.
246 =item set_buffered($enabled)
248 If C<$enabled> is a non-zero integer, enable buffering, other disable
251 Disabling buffering will flush any buffered output, but any buffered
252 input will be retained and consumed by input methods.
254 Returns true if any buffered output was flushed successfully, false if
255 there was an error flushing output.
259 =head1 RAW I/O METHODS
261 These call the underlying I/O abstraction directly.
267 Call to write to the file. Returns the number of bytes written. The
268 data provided may contain only characters \x00 to \xFF - characters
269 outside this range will cause this method to croak().
271 If you supply a UTF-8 flagged string it will be converted to a byte
272 string, which may have a performance impact.
274 Returns -1 on error, though in most cases if the result of the write
275 isn't the number of bytes supplied you'll want to treat it as an error
281 my $count = $io->raw_read($buffer, $max_bytes);
283 Reads up to I<$max_bytes> bytes from the current position in the file
284 and stores them in I<$buffer>. Returns the number of bytes read on
285 success or an empty list on failure. Note that a read of zero bytes
286 is B<not> a failure, this indicates end of file.
290 my $buffer = $io->raw_read2($max_bytes);
292 An alternative interface to raw_read, that might be simpler to use in some
295 Returns the data read or an empty list.
299 my $new_position = $io->raw_seek($offset, $whence);
301 Seek to a new position in the file. Possible values for I<$whence> are:
307 C<SEEK_SET> - I<$offset> is the new position in the file.
311 C<SEEK_CUR> - I<$offset> is the offset from the current position in
316 C<SEEK_END> - I<$offset> is the offset relative to the end of the
321 Note that seeking past the end of the file may or may not result in an
324 Returns the new position in the file, or -1 on error.
328 my $result = $io->raw_close;
330 Call when you're done with the file. If the IO object is connected to
331 a file this won't close the file handle.
333 Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
337 =head1 UTILITY METHODS
343 Retrieve the data accumulated from an I/O layer object created with
344 the new_bufchain() method.
346 my $data = $io->slurp;
350 Dump the internal buffering state of the I/O object to C<stderr>.
358 Tony Cook <tonyc@cpan.org>
362 Imager, Imager::Files