6 use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS %formats $DEBUG %filters %DSOs $ERRSTR $fontstate %OPCODES $I2P $FORMATGUESS);
88 i_writetiff_wiol_faxable
160 @ISA = qw(Exporter DynaLoader);
161 bootstrap Imager $VERSION;
165 i_init_fonts(); # Initialize font engines
166 for(i_list_formats()) { $formats{$_}++; }
168 if ($formats{'t1'}) {
172 if (!$formats{'t1'} and !$formats{'tt'}) {
173 $fontstate='no font support';
176 %OPCODES=(Add=>[0],Sub=>[1],Mult=>[2],Div=>[3],Parm=>[4],'sin'=>[5],'cos'=>[6],'x'=>[4,0],'y'=>[4,1]);
181 callseq => ['image','intensity'],
182 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_contrast($hsh{image},$hsh{intensity}); }
186 callseq => ['image', 'amount', 'subtype'],
187 defaults => { amount=>3,subtype=>0 },
188 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_noise($hsh{image},$hsh{amount},$hsh{subtype}); }
191 $filters{hardinvert} ={
192 callseq => ['image'],
194 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_hardinvert($hsh{image}); }
197 $filters{autolevels} ={
198 callseq => ['image','lsat','usat','skew'],
199 defaults => { lsat=>0.1,usat=>0.1,skew=>0.0 },
200 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_autolevels($hsh{image},$hsh{lsat},$hsh{usat},$hsh{skew}); }
203 $filters{turbnoise} ={
204 callseq => ['image'],
205 defaults => { xo=>0.0,yo=>0.0,scale=>10.0 },
206 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_turbnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{scale}); }
209 $filters{radnoise} ={
210 callseq => ['image'],
211 defaults => { xo=>100,yo=>100,ascale=>17.0,rscale=>0.02 },
212 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_radnoise($hsh{image},$hsh{xo},$hsh{yo},$hsh{rscale},$hsh{ascale}); }
216 callseq => ['image', 'coef'],
218 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_conv($hsh{image},$hsh{coef}); }
222 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
224 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_gradgen($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
227 $filters{nearest_color} ={
228 callseq => ['image', 'xo', 'yo', 'colors', 'dist'],
230 callsub => sub { my %hsh=@_; i_nearest_color($hsh{image}, $hsh{xo}, $hsh{yo}, $hsh{colors}, $hsh{dist}); }
233 $FORMATGUESS=\&def_guess_type;
241 # NOTE: this might be moved to an import override later on
245 # (look through @_ for special tags, process, and remove them);
247 # print Dumper($pack);
252 my %parms=(loglevel=>1,@_);
254 init_log($parms{'log'},$parms{'loglevel'});
257 # if ($parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}) { $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG}=$parms{T1LIB_CONFIG}; }
258 # if ( $ENV{T1LIB_CONFIG} and ( $fontstate eq 'missing conf' )) {
266 print "shutdown code\n";
267 # for(keys %instances) { $instances{$_}->DESTROY(); }
268 malloc_state(); # how do decide if this should be used? -- store something from the import
269 print "Imager exiting\n";
273 # Load a filter plugin
278 my ($DSO_handle,$str)=DSO_open($filename);
279 if (!defined($DSO_handle)) { $Imager::ERRSTR="Couldn't load plugin '$filename'\n"; return undef; }
280 my %funcs=DSO_funclist($DSO_handle);
281 if ($DEBUG) { print "loading module $filename\n"; $i=0; for(keys %funcs) { printf(" %2d: %s\n",$i++,$_); } }
283 for(keys %funcs) { if ($filters{$_}) { $ERRSTR="filter '$_' already exists\n"; DSO_close($DSO_handle); return undef; } }
285 $DSOs{$filename}=[$DSO_handle,\%funcs];
288 my $evstr="\$filters{'".$_."'}={".$funcs{$_}.'};';
289 $DEBUG && print "eval string:\n",$evstr,"\n";
301 if (!$DSOs{$filename}) { $ERRSTR="plugin '$filename' not loaded."; return undef; }
302 my ($DSO_handle,$funcref)=@{$DSOs{$filename}};
303 for(keys %{$funcref}) {
305 $DEBUG && print "unloading: $_\n";
307 my $rc=DSO_close($DSO_handle);
308 if (!defined($rc)) { $ERRSTR="unable to unload plugin '$filename'."; return undef; }
312 # take the results of i_error() and make a message out of it
314 return join(": ", map $_->[0], i_errors());
319 # Methods to be called on objects.
322 # Create a new Imager object takes very few parameters.
323 # usually you call this method and then call open from
324 # the resulting object
331 $self->{IMG}=undef; # Just to indicate what exists
332 $self->{ERRSTR}=undef; #
333 $self->{DEBUG}=$DEBUG;
334 $self->{DEBUG} && print "Initialized Imager\n";
335 if ($hsh{xsize} && $hsh{ysize}) { $self->img_set(%hsh); }
340 # Copy an entire image with no changes
341 # - if an image has magic the copy of it will not be magical
345 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
347 my $newcopy=Imager->new();
348 $newcopy->{IMG}=i_img_new();
349 i_copy($newcopy->{IMG},$self->{IMG});
357 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
358 my %input=(left=>0, top=>0, @_);
359 unless($input{img}) {
360 $self->{ERRSTR}="no source image";
363 $input{left}=0 if $input{left} <= 0;
364 $input{top}=0 if $input{top} <= 0;
366 my($r,$b)=i_img_info($src->{IMG});
368 i_copyto($self->{IMG}, $src->{IMG},
369 0,0, $r, $b, $input{left}, $input{top});
370 return $self; # What should go here??
373 # Crop an image - i.e. return a new image that is smaller
377 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
378 my %hsh=(left=>0,right=>0,top=>0,bottom=>0,@_);
380 my ($w,$h,$l,$r,$b,$t)=($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight(),
381 @hsh{qw(left right bottom top)});
382 $l=0 if not defined $l;
383 $t=0 if not defined $t;
385 $r||=$l+delete $hsh{'width'} if defined $l and exists $hsh{'width'};
386 $b||=$t+delete $hsh{'height'} if defined $t and exists $hsh{'height'};
387 $l||=$r-delete $hsh{'width'} if defined $r and exists $hsh{'width'};
388 $t||=$b-delete $hsh{'height'} if defined $b and exists $hsh{'height'};
390 $r=$self->getwidth if not defined $r;
391 $b=$self->getheight if not defined $b;
393 ($l,$r)=($r,$l) if $l>$r;
394 ($t,$b)=($b,$t) if $t>$b;
397 $l=int(0.5+($w-$hsh{'width'})/2);
402 if ($hsh{'height'}) {
403 $b=int(0.5+($h-$hsh{'height'})/2);
404 $t=$h+$hsh{'height'};
406 $hsh{'height'}=$b-$t;
409 # print "l=$l, r=$r, h=$hsh{'width'}\n";
410 # print "t=$t, b=$b, w=$hsh{'height'}\n";
412 my $dst=Imager->new(xsize=>$hsh{'width'}, ysize=>$hsh{'height'}, channels=>$self->getchannels());
414 i_copyto($dst->{IMG},$self->{IMG},$l,$t,$r,$b,0,0);
418 # Sets an image to a certain size and channel number
419 # if there was previously data in the image it is discarded
424 my %hsh=(xsize=>100,ysize=>100,channels=>3,@_);
426 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
427 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
431 $self->{IMG}=Imager::ImgRaw::new($hsh{'xsize'},$hsh{'ysize'},$hsh{'channels'});
434 # Read an image from file
441 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
442 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
446 if (!$input{fd} and !$input{file} and !$input{data}) {
447 $self->{ERRSTR}='no file, fd or data parameter'; return undef;
450 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
452 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef;
461 # FIXME: Find the format here if not specified
462 # yes the code isn't here yet - next week maybe?
464 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) {
465 $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file});
467 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) {
468 $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef;
471 my %iolready=(jpeg=>1, png=>1, tiff=>1, pnm=>1, raw=>1);
473 if ($iolready{$input{type}}) {
475 $IO = io_new_fd($fd); # sort of simple for now eh?
477 if ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
478 ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_wiol( $IO );
479 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
480 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image'; return undef;
482 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
486 if ( $input{type} eq 'tiff' ) {
487 $self->{IMG}=i_readtiff_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
488 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
489 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read tiff image'; return undef;
491 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a tiff file\n";
495 if ( $input{type} eq 'pnm' ) {
496 $self->{IMG}=i_readpnm_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
497 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
498 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read pnm image: '._error_as_msg(); return undef;
500 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a pnm file\n";
504 if ( $input{type} eq 'png' ) {
505 $self->{IMG}=i_readpng_wiol( $IO, -1 ); # Fixme, check if that length parameter is ever needed
506 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
507 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read png image';
510 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a png file\n";
513 if ( $input{type} eq 'raw' ) {
514 my %params=(datachannels=>3,storechannels=>3,interleave=>1,%input);
516 if ( !($params{xsize} && $params{ysize}) ) {
517 $self->{ERRSTR}='missing xsize or ysize parameter for raw';
521 $self->{IMG} = i_readraw_wiol( $IO,
524 $params{datachannels},
525 $params{storechannels},
526 $params{interleave});
527 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
528 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read raw image';
531 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a raw file\n";
536 # Old code for reference while changing the new stuff
539 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) {
540 $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file});
544 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef;
547 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) {
548 $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported';
553 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"r");
555 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file';
566 if ( $input{type} eq 'gif' ) {
568 if ($input{colors} && !ref($input{colors})) {
569 # must be a reference to a scalar that accepts the colour map
570 $self->{ERRSTR} = "option 'colors' must be a scalar reference";
573 if (exists $input{data}) {
574 if ($input{colors}) {
575 ($self->{IMG}, $colors) = i_readgif_scalar($input{data});
577 $self->{IMG}=i_readgif_scalar($input{data});
580 if ($input{colors}) {
581 ($self->{IMG}, $colors) = i_readgif( $fd );
583 $self->{IMG} = i_readgif( $fd )
587 # we may or may not change i_readgif to return blessed objects...
588 ${ $input{colors} } = [ map { NC(@$_) } @$colors ];
590 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
591 $self->{ERRSTR}= 'reading GIF:'._error_as_msg();
594 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a gif file\n";
597 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
598 if (exists $input{data}) {
599 ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg_scalar($input{data});
601 ($self->{IMG},$self->{IPTCRAW})=i_readjpeg( $fd );
603 if ( !defined($self->{IMG}) ) {
604 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to read jpeg image';
607 $self->{DEBUG} && print "loading a jpeg file\n";
614 # Write an image to file
618 my %input=(jpegquality=>75, gifquant=>'mc', lmdither=>6.0, lmfixed=>[],
620 my ($fh, $rc, $fd, $IO);
622 my %iolready=( tiff=>1 ); # this will be SO MUCH BETTER once they are all in there
624 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
626 if (!$input{file} and !$input{'fd'} and !$input{'data'}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='file/fd/data parameter missing'; return undef; }
627 if (!$input{type} and $input{file}) { $input{type}=$FORMATGUESS->($input{file}); }
628 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing and not possible to guess from extension'; return undef; }
630 if (!$formats{$input{type}}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='format not supported'; return undef; }
632 if (exists $input{'fd'}) {
634 } elsif (exists $input{'data'}) {
635 $IO = Imager::io_new_bufchain();
637 $fh = new IO::File($input{file},"w+");
638 if (!defined $fh) { $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not open file'; return undef; }
645 if ($iolready{$input{type}}) {
647 $IO = io_new_fd($fd);
650 if ($input{type} eq 'tiff') {
651 if (defined $input{class} && $input{class} eq 'fax') {
652 if (!i_writetiff_wiol_faxable($self->{IMG}, $IO, $input{fax_fine})) {
653 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not write to buffer';
657 if (!i_writetiff_wiol($self->{IMG}, $IO)) {
658 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not write to buffer';
662 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'pnm' ) {
664 if ( ! i_writeppm_wiol($self->{IMG},$IO) ) {
665 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write pnm image';
668 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a pnm file\n";
669 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'raw' ) {
670 if ( !i_writeraw($self->{IMG},$IO) ) {
671 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write raw image';
674 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a raw file\n";
677 if (exists $input{'data'}) {
678 my $data = io_slurp($IO);
680 $self->{ERRSTR}='Could not slurp from buffer';
683 ${$input{data}} = $data;
688 if ( $input{type} eq 'gif' ) {
689 if (not $input{gifplanes}) {
691 my $count=i_count_colors($self->{IMG}, 256);
692 $gp=8 if $count == -1;
693 $gp=1 if not $gp and $count <= 2;
694 $gp=2 if not $gp and $count <= 4;
695 $gp=3 if not $gp and $count <= 8;
696 $gp=4 if not $gp and $count <= 16;
697 $gp=5 if not $gp and $count <= 32;
698 $gp=6 if not $gp and $count <= 64;
699 $gp=7 if not $gp and $count <= 128;
700 $input{gifplanes} = $gp || 8;
703 if ($input{gifplanes}>8) {
706 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen' || $input{callback}) {
709 if ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
711 $input{make_colors} = 'addi';
712 $input{translate} = 'perturb';
713 $input{perturb} = $input{lmdither};
714 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'gen') {
715 # just pass options through
717 $input{make_colors} = 'webmap'; # ignored
718 $input{translate} = 'giflib';
721 if ($input{callback}) {
722 defined $input{maxbuffer} or $input{maxbuffer} = -1;
723 $rc = i_writegif_callback($input{callback}, $input{maxbuffer},
724 \%input, $self->{IMG});
726 $rc = i_writegif_gen($fd, \%input, $self->{IMG});
731 } elsif ($input{gifquant} eq 'lm') {
732 $rc=i_writegif($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes},$input{lmdither},$input{lmfixed});
734 $rc=i_writegifmc($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{gifplanes});
736 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
737 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Writing GIF file: "._error_as_msg(); return undef;
739 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a gif file\n";
741 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'jpeg' ) {
742 $rc = i_writejpeg($self->{IMG},$fd,$input{jpegquality});
743 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
744 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write jpeg image'; return undef;
746 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a jpeg file\n";
747 } elsif ( $input{type} eq 'png' ) {
748 $rc=i_writepng($self->{IMG},$fd);
749 if ( !defined($rc) ) {
750 $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to write png image'; return undef;
752 $self->{DEBUG} && print "writing a png file\n";
759 my ($class, $opts, @images) = @_;
761 if ($opts->{type} eq 'gif') {
762 my $gif_delays = $opts->{gif_delays};
763 local $opts->{gif_delays} = $gif_delays;
764 unless (ref $opts->{gif_delays}) {
765 # assume the caller wants the same delay for each frame
766 $opts->{gif_delays} = [ ($gif_delays) x @images ];
768 # translate to ImgRaw
769 if (grep !UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Imager') || !$_->{IMG}, @images) {
770 $ERRSTR = "Usage: Imager->write_multi({ options }, @images)";
773 my @work = map $_->{IMG}, @images;
774 if ($opts->{callback}) {
775 # Note: you may need to fix giflib for this one to work
776 my $maxbuffer = $opts->{maxbuffer};
777 defined $maxbuffer or $maxbuffer = -1; # max by default
778 return i_writegif_callback($opts->{callback}, $maxbuffer,
782 return i_writegif_gen($opts->{fd}, $opts, @work);
785 my $fh = IO::File->new($opts->{file}, "w+");
787 $ERRSTR = "Error creating $opts->{file}: $!";
791 return i_writegif_gen(fileno($fh), $opts, @work);
795 $ERRSTR = "Sorry, write_multi doesn't support $opts->{type} yet";
800 # Destroy an Imager object
804 # delete $instances{$self};
805 if (defined($self->{IMG})) {
806 i_img_destroy($self->{IMG});
809 # print "Destroy Called on an empty image!\n"; # why did I put this here??
813 # Perform an inplace filter of an image
814 # that is the image will be overwritten with the data
820 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
822 if (!$input{type}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter missing'; return undef; }
824 if ( (grep { $_ eq $input{type} } keys %filters) != 1) {
825 $self->{ERRSTR}='type parameter not matching any filter'; return undef;
828 if (defined($filters{$input{type}}{defaults})) {
829 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%{$filters{$input{type}}{defaults}},%input);
831 %hsh=('image',$self->{IMG},%input);
834 my @cs=@{$filters{$input{type}}{callseq}};
837 if (!defined($hsh{$_})) {
838 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing parameter '$_' for filter ".$input{type}; return undef;
842 &{$filters{$input{type}}{callsub}}(%hsh);
846 $self->{DEBUG} && print "callseq is: @cs\n";
847 $self->{DEBUG} && print "matching callseq is: @b\n";
852 # Scale an image to requested size and return the scaled version
856 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,type=>'max',qtype=>'normal',@_);
857 my $img = Imager->new();
858 my $tmp = Imager->new();
860 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
862 if ($opts{xpixels} and $opts{ypixels} and $opts{type}) {
863 my ($xpix,$ypix)=( $opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth() , $opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight() );
864 if ($opts{type} eq 'min') { $opts{scalefactor}=min($xpix,$ypix); }
865 if ($opts{type} eq 'max') { $opts{scalefactor}=max($xpix,$ypix); }
866 } elsif ($opts{xpixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{xpixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
867 elsif ($opts{ypixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{ypixels}/$self->getheight(); }
869 if ($opts{qtype} eq 'normal') {
870 $tmp->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
871 if ( !defined($tmp->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
872 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($tmp->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
873 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
876 if ($opts{'qtype'} eq 'preview') {
877 $img->{IMG}=i_scale_nn($self->{IMG},$opts{'scalefactor'},$opts{'scalefactor'});
878 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
881 $self->{ERRSTR}='scale: invalid value for qtype'; return undef;
884 # Scales only along the X axis
888 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
890 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
892 my $img = Imager->new();
894 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getwidth(); }
896 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
897 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},0);
899 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
903 # Scales only along the Y axis
907 my %opts=(scalefactor=>0.5,@_);
909 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
911 my $img = Imager->new();
913 if ($opts{pixels}) { $opts{scalefactor}=$opts{pixels}/$self->getheight(); }
915 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
916 $img->{IMG}=i_scaleaxis($self->{IMG},$opts{scalefactor},1);
918 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='unable to scale image'; return undef; }
923 # Transform returns a spatial transformation of the input image
924 # this moves pixels to a new location in the returned image.
925 # NOTE - should make a utility function to check transforms for
930 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
932 my (@op,@ropx,@ropy,$iop,$or,@parm,$expr,@xt,@yt,@pt,$numre);
934 # print Dumper(\%opts);
937 if ( $opts{'xexpr'} and $opts{'yexpr'} ) {
939 eval ("use Affix::Infix2Postfix;");
942 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: expr given and Affix::Infix2Postfix is not avaliable.';
945 $I2P=Affix::Infix2Postfix->new('ops'=>[{op=>'+',trans=>'Add'},
946 {op=>'-',trans=>'Sub'},
947 {op=>'*',trans=>'Mult'},
948 {op=>'/',trans=>'Div'},
949 {op=>'-',type=>'unary',trans=>'u-'},
951 {op=>'func',type=>'unary'}],
952 'grouping'=>[qw( \( \) )],
953 'func'=>[qw( sin cos )],
958 @xt=$I2P->translate($opts{'xexpr'});
959 @yt=$I2P->translate($opts{'yexpr'});
961 $numre=$I2P->{'numre'};
964 for(@xt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'xopcodes'}},$_); } }
965 for(@yt) { if (/$numre/) { push(@pt,$_); push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},'Parm',$#pt); } else { push(@{$opts{'yopcodes'}},$_); } }
966 @{$opts{'parm'}}=@pt;
969 # print Dumper(\%opts);
971 if ( !exists $opts{'xopcodes'} or @{$opts{'xopcodes'}}==0) {
972 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no xopcodes given.';
976 @op=@{$opts{'xopcodes'}};
978 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
979 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
982 push(@ropx,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
988 if ( !exists $opts{'yopcodes'} or @{$opts{'yopcodes'}}==0) {
989 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no yopcodes given.';
993 @op=@{$opts{'yopcodes'}};
995 if (!defined ($OPCODES{$iop}) and ($iop !~ /^\d+$/) ) {
996 $self->{ERRSTR}="transform: illegal opcode '$_'.";
999 push(@ropy,(exists $OPCODES{$iop}) ? @{$OPCODES{$iop}} : $iop );
1004 if ( !exists $opts{'parm'}) {
1005 $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: no parameter arg given.';
1009 # print Dumper(\@ropx);
1010 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
1011 # print Dumper(\@ropy);
1013 my $img = Imager->new();
1014 $img->{IMG}=i_transform($self->{IMG},\@ropx,\@ropy,$opts{'parm'});
1015 if ( !defined($img->{IMG}) ) { $self->{ERRSTR}='transform: failed'; return undef; }
1023 my ($opts, @imgs) = @_;
1026 # this is fairly big, delay loading it
1027 eval "use Imager::Expr";
1032 $opts->{variables} = [ qw(x y) ];
1033 my ($width, $height) = @{$opts}{qw(width height)};
1035 $width ||= $imgs[0]->getwidth();
1036 $height ||= $imgs[0]->getheight();
1038 for my $img (@imgs) {
1039 $opts->{constants}{"w$img_num"} = $img->getwidth();
1040 $opts->{constants}{"h$img_num"} = $img->getheight();
1041 $opts->{constants}{"cx$img_num"} = $img->getwidth()/2;
1042 $opts->{constants}{"cy$img_num"} = $img->getheight()/2;
1047 $opts->{constants}{w} = $width;
1048 $opts->{constants}{cx} = $width/2;
1051 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No width supplied";
1055 $opts->{constants}{h} = $height;
1056 $opts->{constants}{cy} = $height/2;
1059 $Imager::ERRSTR = "No height supplied";
1062 my $code = Imager::Expr->new($opts);
1064 $Imager::ERRSTR = Imager::Expr::error();
1068 my $img = Imager->new();
1069 $img->{IMG} = i_transform2($opts->{width}, $opts->{height}, $code->code(),
1070 $code->nregs(), $code->cregs(),
1071 [ map { $_->{IMG} } @imgs ]);
1072 if (!defined $img->{IMG}) {
1073 $Imager::ERRSTR = "transform2 failed";
1090 my %opts=(tx=>0,ty=>0,@_);
1092 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1093 unless ($opts{src} && $opts{src}->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image for source'; return undef; }
1095 i_rubthru($self->{IMG}, $opts{src}->{IMG}, $opts{tx},$opts{ty});
1103 my %xlate = (h=>0, v=>1, hv=>2, vh=>2);
1105 return () unless defined $opts{'dir'} and defined $xlate{$opts{'dir'}};
1106 $dir = $xlate{$opts{'dir'}};
1107 return $self if i_flipxy($self->{IMG}, $dir);
1113 # These two are supported for legacy code only
1116 return Imager::Color->new($_[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3]);
1120 return Imager::Color::set($_[0], $_[1], $_[2], $_[3], $_[4]);
1125 # Draws a box between the specified corner points.
1129 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1130 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1131 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,xmin=>0,ymin=>0,xmax=>$self->getwidth()-1,ymax=>$self->getheight()-1,@_);
1133 if (exists $opts{'box'}) {
1134 $opts{'xmin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1135 $opts{'xmax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[0],$opts{'box'}->[2]);
1136 $opts{'ymin'} = min($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1137 $opts{'ymax'} = max($opts{'box'}->[1],$opts{'box'}->[3]);
1140 if ($opts{filled}) { i_box_filled($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},$opts{color}); }
1141 else { i_box($self->{IMG},$opts{xmin},$opts{ymin},$opts{xmax},$opts{ymax},$opts{color}); }
1145 # Draws an arc - this routine SUCKS and is buggy - it sometimes doesn't work when the arc is a convex polygon
1149 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1150 my $dflcl=i_color_new(255,255,255,255);
1151 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,
1152 'r'=>min($self->getwidth(),$self->getheight())/3,
1153 'x'=>$self->getwidth()/2,
1154 'y'=>$self->getheight()/2,
1155 'd1'=>0, 'd2'=>361, @_);
1156 i_arc($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'r'},$opts{'d1'},$opts{'d2'},$opts{'color'});
1160 # Draws a line from one point to (but not including) the destination point
1164 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1165 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1166 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1168 unless (exists $opts{x1} and exists $opts{y1}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing begining coord'; return undef; }
1169 unless (exists $opts{x2} and exists $opts{y2}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='missing ending coord'; return undef; }
1171 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1172 i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2}, $opts{color});
1174 i_draw($self->{IMG},$opts{x1}, $opts{y1}, $opts{x2}, $opts{y2}, $opts{color});
1179 # Draws a line between an ordered set of points - It more or less just transforms this
1180 # into a list of lines.
1184 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1185 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1186 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1188 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1190 if (exists($opts{points})) { @points=@{$opts{points}}; }
1191 if (!exists($opts{points}) and exists($opts{'x'}) and exists($opts{'y'}) ) {
1192 @points=map { [ $opts{'x'}->[$_],$opts{'y'}->[$_] ] } (0..(scalar @{$opts{'x'}}-1));
1195 # print Dumper(\@points);
1197 if ($opts{antialias}) {
1199 if (defined($ls)) { i_line_aa($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$opts{color}); }
1204 if (defined($ls)) { i_draw($self->{IMG},$ls->[0],$ls->[1],$pt->[0],$pt->[1],$opts{color}); }
1211 # this the multipoint bezier curve
1212 # this is here more for testing that actual usage since
1213 # this is not a good algorithm. Usually the curve would be
1214 # broken into smaller segments and each done individually.
1218 my ($pt,$ls,@points);
1219 my $dflcl=i_color_new(0,0,0,0);
1220 my %opts=(color=>$dflcl,@_);
1222 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1224 if (exists $opts{points}) {
1225 $opts{'x'}=map { $_->[0]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1226 $opts{'y'}=map { $_->[1]; } @{$opts{'points'}};
1229 unless ( @{$opts{'x'}} and @{$opts{'x'}} == @{$opts{'y'}} ) {
1230 $self->{ERRSTR}='Missing or invalid points.';
1234 i_bezier_multi($self->{IMG},$opts{'x'},$opts{'y'},$opts{'color'});
1238 # make an identity matrix of the given size
1242 my $matrix = [ map { [ (0) x $size ] } 1..$size ];
1243 for my $c (0 .. ($size-1)) {
1244 $matrix->[$c][$c] = 1;
1249 # general function to convert an image
1251 my ($self, %opts) = @_;
1254 # the user can either specify a matrix or preset
1255 # the matrix overrides the preset
1256 if (!exists($opts{matrix})) {
1257 unless (exists($opts{preset})) {
1258 $self->{ERRSTR} = "convert() needs a matrix or preset";
1262 if ($opts{preset} eq 'gray' || $opts{preset} eq 'grey') {
1263 # convert to greyscale, keeping the alpha channel if any
1264 if ($self->getchannels == 3) {
1265 $matrix = [ [ 0.222, 0.707, 0.071 ] ];
1267 elsif ($self->getchannels == 4) {
1268 # preserve the alpha channel
1269 $matrix = [ [ 0.222, 0.707, 0.071, 0 ],
1274 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
1277 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'noalpha') {
1278 # strip the alpha channel
1279 if ($self->getchannels == 2 or $self->getchannels == 4) {
1280 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
1281 pop(@$matrix); # lose the alpha entry
1284 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
1287 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'red' || $opts{preset} eq 'channel0') {
1289 $matrix = [ [ 1 ] ];
1291 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'green' || $opts{preset} eq 'channel1') {
1292 $matrix = [ [ 0, 1 ] ];
1294 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'blue' || $opts{preset} eq 'channel2') {
1295 $matrix = [ [ 0, 0, 1 ] ];
1297 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'alpha') {
1298 if ($self->getchannels == 2 or $self->getchannels == 4) {
1299 $matrix = [ [ (0) x ($self->getchannels-1), 1 ] ];
1302 # the alpha is just 1 <shrug>
1303 $matrix = [ [ (0) x $self->getchannels, 1 ] ];
1306 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'rgb') {
1307 if ($self->getchannels == 1) {
1308 $matrix = [ [ 1 ], [ 1 ], [ 1 ] ];
1310 elsif ($self->getchannels == 2) {
1311 # preserve the alpha channel
1312 $matrix = [ [ 1, 0 ], [ 1, 0 ], [ 1, 0 ], [ 0, 1 ] ];
1315 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
1318 elsif ($opts{preset} eq 'addalpha') {
1319 if ($self->getchannels == 1) {
1320 $matrix = _identity(2);
1322 elsif ($self->getchannels == 3) {
1323 $matrix = _identity(4);
1326 $matrix = _identity($self->getchannels);
1330 $self->{ERRSTR} = "Unknown convert preset $opts{preset}";
1336 $matrix = $opts{matrix};
1339 my $new = Imager->new();
1340 $new->{IMG} = i_img_new();
1341 unless (i_convert($new->{IMG}, $self->{IMG}, $matrix)) {
1342 # most likely a bad matrix
1343 $self->{ERRSTR} = _error_as_msg();
1350 # general function to map an image through lookup tables
1353 my ($self, %opts) = @_;
1354 my @chlist = qw( red green blue alpha );
1356 if (!exists($opts{'maps'})) {
1357 # make maps from channel maps
1359 for $chnum (0..$#chlist) {
1360 if (exists $opts{$chlist[$chnum]}) {
1361 $opts{'maps'}[$chnum] = $opts{$chlist[$chnum]};
1362 } elsif (exists $opts{'all'}) {
1363 $opts{'maps'}[$chnum] = $opts{'all'};
1367 if ($opts{'maps'} and $self->{IMG}) {
1368 i_map($self->{IMG}, $opts{'maps'} );
1384 # destructive border - image is shrunk by one pixel all around
1387 my ($self,%opts)=@_;
1388 my($tx,$ty)=($self->getwidth()-1,$self->getheight()-1);
1389 $self->polyline('x'=>[0,$tx,$tx,0,0],'y'=>[0,0,$ty,$ty,0],%opts);
1393 # Get the width of an image
1397 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1398 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[0];
1401 # Get the height of an image
1405 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1406 return (i_img_info($self->{IMG}))[1];
1409 # Get number of channels in an image
1413 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1414 return i_img_getchannels($self->{IMG});
1421 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1422 return i_img_getmask($self->{IMG});
1430 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR} = 'image is empty'; return undef; }
1431 i_img_setmask( $self->{IMG} , $opts{mask} );
1434 # Get number of colors in an image
1438 my %opts=(maxcolors=>2**30,@_);
1439 if (!defined($self->{IMG})) { $self->{ERRSTR}='image is empty'; return undef; }
1440 my $rc=i_count_colors($self->{IMG},$opts{'maxcolors'});
1441 return ($rc==-1? undef : $rc);
1444 # draw string to an image
1448 unless ($self->{IMG}) { $self->{ERRSTR}='empty input image'; return undef; }
1450 my %input=('x'=>0, 'y'=>0, @_);
1451 $input{string}||=$input{text};
1453 unless(exists $input{string}) {
1454 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'string'";
1458 unless($input{font}) {
1459 $self->{ERRSTR}="missing required parameter 'font'";
1463 $input{font}->draw(image=>$self, %input);
1472 # Shortcuts that can be exported
1474 sub newcolor { Imager::Color->new(@_); }
1475 sub newfont { Imager::Font->new(@_); }
1477 *NC=*newcolour=*newcolor;
1484 #### Utility routines
1486 sub errstr { $_[0]->{ERRSTR} }
1493 # Default guess for the type of an image from extension
1495 sub def_guess_type {
1498 $ext=($name =~ m/\.([^\.]+)$/)[0];
1499 return 'tiff' if ($ext =~ m/^tiff?$/);
1500 return 'jpeg' if ($ext =~ m/^jpe?g$/);
1501 return 'pnm' if ($ext =~ m/^p[pgb]m$/);
1502 return 'png' if ($ext eq "png");
1503 return 'gif' if ($ext eq "gif");
1507 # get the minimum of a list
1511 for(@_) { if ($_<$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
1515 # get the maximum of a list
1519 for(@_) { if ($_>$mx) { $mx=$_; }}
1523 # string stuff for iptc headers
1527 $str = substr($str,3);
1528 $str =~ s/[\n\r]//g;
1535 # A little hack to parse iptc headers.
1540 my($caption,$photogr,$headln,$credit);
1542 my $str=$self->{IPTCRAW};
1546 @ar=split(/8BIM/,$str);
1551 @sar=split(/\034\002/);
1552 foreach $item (@sar) {
1553 if ($item =~ m/^x/) {
1554 $caption=&clean($item);
1557 if ($item =~ m/^P/) {
1558 $photogr=&clean($item);
1561 if ($item =~ m/^i/) {
1562 $headln=&clean($item);
1565 if ($item =~ m/^n/) {
1566 $credit=&clean($item);
1572 return (caption=>$caption,photogr=>$photogr,headln=>$headln,credit=>$credit);
1580 # Autoload methods go after =cut, and are processed by the autosplit program.
1584 # Below is the stub of documentation for your module. You better edit it!
1588 Imager - Perl extension for Generating 24 bit Images
1592 use Imager qw(init);
1595 $img = Imager->new();
1596 $img->open(file=>'image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
1597 || print "failed: ",$img->{ERRSTR},"\n";
1598 $scaled=$img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400);
1599 $scaled->write(file=>'sc_image.ppm',type=>'pnm')
1600 || print "failed: ",$scaled->{ERRSTR},"\n";
1604 Imager is a module for creating and altering images - It is not meant
1605 as a replacement or a competitor to ImageMagick or GD. Both are
1606 excellent packages and well supported.
1610 Almost all functions take the parameters in the hash fashion.
1613 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png');
1617 $img->open(file=>'lena.png');
1619 =head2 Basic concept
1621 An Image object is created with C<$img = Imager-E<gt>new()> Should
1622 this fail for some reason an explanation can be found in
1623 C<$Imager::ERRSTR> usually error messages are stored in
1624 C<$img-E<gt>{ERRSTR}>, but since no object is created this is the only
1625 way to give back errors. C<$Imager::ERRSTR> is also used to report
1626 all errors not directly associated with an image object. Examples:
1628 $img=Imager->new(); # This is an empty image (size is 0 by 0)
1629 $img->open(file=>'lena.png',type=>'png'); # initializes from file
1631 or if you want to create an empty image:
1633 $img=Imager->new(xsize=>400,ysize=>300,channels=>4);
1635 This example creates a completely black image of width 400 and
1636 height 300 and 4 channels.
1638 If you have an existing image, use img_set() to change it's dimensions
1639 - this will destroy any existing image data:
1641 $img->img_set(xsize=>500, ysize=>500, channels=>4);
1643 Color objects are created by calling the Imager::Color->new()
1646 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue);
1647 $color = Imager::Color->new($red, $green, $blue, $alpha);
1648 $color = Imager::Color->new("#C0C0FF"); # html color specification
1650 This object can then be passed to functions that require a color parameter.
1652 Coordinates in Imager have the origin in the upper left corner. The
1653 horizontal coordinate increases to the right and the vertical
1656 =head2 Reading and writing images
1658 C<$img-E<gt>read()> generally takes two parameters, 'file' and 'type'.
1659 If the type of the file can be determined from the suffix of the file
1660 it can be omitted. Format dependant parameters are: For images of
1661 type 'raw' two extra parameters are needed 'xsize' and 'ysize', if the
1662 'channel' parameter is omitted for type 'raw' it is assumed to be 3.
1663 gif and png images might have a palette are converted to truecolor bit
1664 when read. Alpha channel is preserved for png images irregardless of
1665 them being in RGB or gray colorspace. Similarly grayscale jpegs are
1666 one channel images after reading them. For jpeg images the iptc
1667 header information (stored in the APP13 header) is avaliable to some
1668 degree. You can get the raw header with C<$img-E<gt>{IPTCRAW}>, but
1669 you can also retrieve the most basic information with
1670 C<%hsh=$img-E<gt>parseiptc()> as always patches are welcome. pnm has no
1671 extra options. Examples:
1673 $img = Imager->new();
1674 $img->read(file=>"cover.jpg") or die $img->errstr; # gets type from name
1676 $img = Imager->new();
1677 { local(*FH,$/); open(FH,"file.gif") or die $!; $a=<FH>; }
1678 $img->read(data=>$a,type=>'gif') or die $img->errstr;
1680 The second example shows how to read an image from a scalar, this is
1681 usefull if your data originates from somewhere else than a filesystem
1682 such as a database over a DBI connection.
1684 When writing to a tiff image file you can also specify the 'class'
1685 parameter, which can currently take a single value, "fax". If class
1686 is set to fax then a tiff image which should be suitable for faxing
1687 will be written. For the best results start with a grayscale image.
1688 By default the image is written at fine resolution you can override
1689 this by setting the "fax_fine" parameter to 0.
1691 If you are reading from a gif image file, you can supply a 'colors'
1692 parameter which must be a reference to a scalar. The referenced
1693 scalar will receive an array reference which contains the colors, each
1694 represented as an Imager::Color object.
1696 If you already have an open file handle, for example a socket or a
1697 pipe, you can specify the 'fd' parameter instead of supplying a
1698 filename. Please be aware that you need to use fileno() to retrieve
1699 the file descriptor for the file:
1701 $img->read(fd=>fileno(FILE), type=>'gif') or die $img->errstr;
1703 For writing using the 'fd' option you will probably want to set $| for
1704 that descriptor, since the writes to the file descriptor bypass Perl's
1705 (or the C libraries) buffering. Setting $| should avoid out of order
1708 *Note that load() is now an alias for read but will be removed later*
1710 C<$img-E<gt>write> has the same interface as C<read()>. The earlier
1711 comments on C<read()> for autodetecting filetypes apply. For jpegs
1712 quality can be adjusted via the 'jpegquality' parameter (0-100). The
1713 number of colorplanes in gifs are set with 'gifplanes' and should be
1714 between 1 (2 color) and 8 (256 colors). It is also possible to choose
1715 between two quantizing methods with the parameter 'gifquant'. If set
1716 to mc it uses the mediancut algorithm from either giflibrary. If set
1717 to lm it uses a local means algorithm. It is then possible to give
1718 some extra settings. lmdither is the dither deviation amount in pixels
1719 (manhattan distance). lmfixed can be an array ref who holds an array
1720 of Imager::Color objects. Note that the local means algorithm needs
1721 much more cpu time but also gives considerable better results than the
1722 median cut algorithm.
1724 Currently just for gif files, you can specify various options for the
1725 conversion from Imager's internal RGB format to the target's indexed
1726 file format. If you set the gifquant option to 'gen', you can use the
1727 options specified under L<Quantization options>.
1729 To see what Imager is compiled to support the following code snippet
1733 print "@{[keys %Imager::formats]}";
1735 When reading raw images you need to supply the width and height of the
1736 image in the xsize and ysize options:
1738 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=>100, ysize=>100)
1739 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
1741 If your input file has more channels than you want, or (as is common),
1742 junk in the fourth channel, you can use the datachannels and
1743 storechannels options to control the number of channels in your input
1744 file and the resulting channels in your image. For example, if your
1745 input image uses 32-bits per pixel with red, green, blue and junk
1746 values for each pixel you could do:
1748 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=>100, ysize=>100, datachannels=>4,
1750 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
1752 Normally the raw image is expected to have the value for channel 1
1753 immediately following channel 0 and channel 2 immediately following
1754 channel 1 for each pixel. If your input image has all the channel 0
1755 values for the first line of the image, followed by all the channel 1
1756 values for the first line and so on, you can use the interleave option:
1758 $img->read(file=>'foo.raw', xsize=100, ysize=>100, interleave=>1)
1759 or die "Cannot read raw image\n";
1761 =head2 Multi-image files
1763 Currently just for gif files, you can create files that contain more
1768 Imager->write_multi(\%opts, @images)
1770 Where %opts describes 4 possible types of outputs:
1776 This is C<gif> for gif animations.
1780 A code reference which is called with a single parameter, the data to
1781 be written. You can also specify $opts{maxbuffer} which is the
1782 maximum amount of data buffered. Note that there can be larger writes
1783 than this if the file library writes larger blocks. A smaller value
1784 maybe useful for writing to a socket for incremental display.
1788 The file descriptor to save the images to.
1792 The name of the file to write to.
1794 %opts may also include the keys from L<Gif options> and L<Quantization
1799 You must also specify the file format using the 'type' option.
1801 The current aim is to support other multiple image formats in the
1802 future, such as TIFF, and to support reading multiple images from a
1808 # ... code to put images in @images
1809 Imager->write_multi({type=>'gif',
1811 gif_delays=>[ (10) x @images ] },
1817 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
1818 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
1819 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
1821 Note that some viewers will ignore some of these options
1822 (gif_user_input in particular).
1826 =item gif_each_palette
1828 Each image in the gif file has it's own palette if this is non-zero.
1829 All but the first image has a local colour table (the first uses the
1830 global colour table.
1834 The images are written interlaced if this is non-zero.
1838 A reference to an array containing the delays between images, in 1/100
1841 If you want the same delay for every frame you can simply set this to
1842 the delay in 1/100 seconds.
1844 =item gif_user_input
1846 A reference to an array contains user input flags. If the given flag
1847 is non-zero the image viewer should wait for input before displaying
1852 A reference to an array of image disposal methods. These define what
1853 should be done to the image before displaying the next one. These are
1854 integers, where 0 means unspecified, 1 means the image should be left
1855 in place, 2 means restore to background colour and 3 means restore to
1858 =item gif_tran_color
1860 A reference to an Imager::Color object, which is the colour to use for
1861 the palette entry used to represent transparency in the palette. You
1862 need to set the transp option (see L<Quantization options>) for this
1867 A reference to an array of references to arrays which represent screen
1868 positions for each image.
1870 =item gif_loop_count
1872 If this is non-zero the Netscape loop extension block is generated,
1873 which makes the animation of the images repeat.
1875 This is currently unimplemented due to some limitations in giflib.
1879 =head2 Quantization options
1881 These options can be specified when calling write_multi() for gif
1882 files, when writing a single image with the gifquant option set to
1883 'gen', or for direct calls to i_writegif_gen and i_writegif_callback.
1889 A arrayref of colors that are fixed. Note that some color generators
1894 The type of transparency processing to perform for images with an
1895 alpha channel where the output format does not have a proper alpha
1896 channel (eg. gif). This can be any of:
1902 No transparency processing is done. (default)
1906 Pixels more transparent that tr_threshold are rendered as transparent.
1910 An error diffusion dither is done on the alpha channel. Note that
1911 this is independent of the translation performed on the colour
1912 channels, so some combinations may cause undesired artifacts.
1916 The ordered dither specified by tr_orddith is performed on the alpha
1921 This will only be used if the image has an alpha channel, and if there
1922 is space in the palette for a transparency colour.
1926 The highest alpha value at which a pixel will be made transparent when
1927 transp is 'threshold'. (0-255, default 127)
1931 The type of error diffusion to perform on the alpha channel when
1932 transp is 'errdiff'. This can be any defined error diffusion type
1933 except for custom (see errdiff below).
1937 The type of ordered dither to perform on the alpha channel when transp
1938 is 'ordered'. Possible values are:
1944 A semi-random map is used. The map is the same each time.
1956 horizontal line dither.
1960 vertical line dither.
1966 diagonal line dither
1972 diagonal line dither
1976 dot matrix dither (currently the default). This is probably the best
1977 for displays (like web pages).
1981 A custom dither matrix is used - see tr_map
1987 When tr_orddith is custom this defines an 8 x 8 matrix of integers
1988 representing the transparency threshold for pixels corresponding to
1989 each position. This should be a 64 element array where the first 8
1990 entries correspond to the first row of the matrix. Values should be
1995 Defines how the quantization engine will build the palette(s).
1996 Currently this is ignored if 'translate' is 'giflib', but that may
1997 change. Possible values are:
2003 Only colors supplied in 'colors' are used.
2007 The web color map is used (need url here.)
2011 The original code for generating the color map (Addi's code) is used.
2015 Other methods may be added in the future.
2019 A arrayref containing Imager::Color objects, which represents the
2020 starting set of colors to use in translating the images. webmap will
2021 ignore this. The final colors used are copied back into this array
2022 (which is expanded if necessary.)
2026 The maximum number of colors to use in the image.
2030 The method used to translate the RGB values in the source image into
2031 the colors selected by make_colors. Note that make_colors is ignored
2032 whene translate is 'giflib'.
2034 Possible values are:
2040 The giflib native quantization function is used.
2044 The closest color available is used.
2048 The pixel color is modified by perturb, and the closest color is chosen.
2052 An error diffusion dither is performed.
2056 It's possible other transate values will be added.
2060 The type of error diffusion dither to perform. These values (except
2061 for custom) can also be used in tr_errdif.
2067 Floyd-Steinberg dither
2071 Jarvis, Judice and Ninke dither
2079 Custom. If you use this you must also set errdiff_width,
2080 errdiff_height and errdiff_map.
2086 =item errdiff_height
2092 When translate is 'errdiff' and errdiff is 'custom' these define a
2093 custom error diffusion map. errdiff_width and errdiff_height define
2094 the size of the map in the arrayref in errdiff_map. errdiff_orig is
2095 an integer which indicates the current pixel position in the top row
2100 When translate is 'perturb' this is the magnitude of the random bias
2101 applied to each channel of the pixel before it is looked up in the
2106 =head2 Obtaining/setting attributes of images
2108 To get the size of an image in pixels the C<$img-E<gt>getwidth()> and
2109 C<$img-E<gt>getheight()> are used.
2111 To get the number of channels in
2112 an image C<$img-E<gt>getchannels()> is used. $img-E<gt>getmask() and
2113 $img-E<gt>setmask() are used to get/set the channel mask of the image.
2115 $mask=$img->getmask();
2116 $img->setmask(mask=>1+2); # modify red and green only
2117 $img->setmask(mask=>8); # modify alpha only
2118 $img->setmask(mask=>$mask); # restore previous mask
2120 The mask of an image describes which channels are updated when some
2121 operation is performed on an image. Naturally it is not possible to
2122 apply masks to operations like scaling that alter the dimensions of
2125 It is possible to have Imager find the number of colors in an image
2126 by using C<$img-E<gt>getcolorcount()>. It requires memory proportionally
2127 to the number of colors in the image so it is possible to have it
2128 stop sooner if you only need to know if there are more than a certain number
2129 of colors in the image. If there are more colors than asked for
2130 the function return undef. Examples:
2132 if (!defined($img->getcolorcount(maxcolors=>512)) {
2133 print "Less than 512 colors in image\n";
2136 =head2 Drawing Methods
2138 IMPLEMENTATION MORE OR LESS DONE CHECK THE TESTS
2139 DOCUMENTATION OF THIS SECTION OUT OF SYNC
2141 It is possible to draw with graphics primitives onto images. Such
2142 primitives include boxes, arcs, circles and lines. A reference
2143 oriented list follows.
2146 $img->box(color=>$blue,xmin=>10,ymin=>30,xmax=>200,ymax=>300,filled=>1);
2148 The above example calls the C<box> method for the image and the box
2149 covers the pixels with in the rectangle specified. If C<filled> is
2150 ommited it is drawn as an outline. If any of the edges of the box are
2151 ommited it will snap to the outer edge of the image in that direction.
2152 Also if a color is omitted a color with (255,255,255,255) is used
2156 $img->arc(color=>$red, r=20, x=>200, y=>100, d1=>10, d2=>20 );
2158 This creates a filled red arc with a 'center' at (200, 100) and spans
2159 10 degrees and the slice has a radius of 20. SEE section on BUGS.
2162 $img->circle(color=>$green, r=50, x=>200, y=>100);
2164 This creates a green circle with its center at (200, 100) and has a
2168 $img->line(color=>$green, x1=10, x2=>100,
2169 y1=>20, y2=>50, antialias=>1 );
2171 That draws an antialiased line from (10,100) to (20,50).
2174 $img->polyline(points=>[[$x0,$y0],[$x1,$y1],[$x2,$y2]],color=>$red);
2175 $img->polyline(x=>[$x0,$x1,$x2], y=>[$y0,$y1,$y2], antialias=>1);
2177 Polyline is used to draw multilple lines between a series of points.
2178 The point set can either be specified as an arrayref to an array of
2179 array references (where each such array represents a point). The
2180 other way is to specify two array references.
2182 =head2 Text rendering
2184 Text rendering is described in the Imager::Font manpage.
2186 =head2 Image resizing
2188 To scale an image so porportions are maintained use the
2189 C<$img-E<gt>scale()> method. if you give either a xpixels or ypixels
2190 parameter they will determine the width or height respectively. If
2191 both are given the one resulting in a larger image is used. example:
2192 C<$img> is 700 pixels wide and 500 pixels tall.
2194 $img->scale(xpixels=>400); # 400x285
2195 $img->scale(ypixels=>400); # 560x400
2197 $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400); # 560x400
2198 $img->scale(xpixels=>400,ypixels=>400,type=>min); # 400x285
2200 $img->scale(scalefactor=>0.25); 175x125 $img->scale(); # 350x250
2202 if you want to create low quality previews of images you can pass
2203 C<qtype=E<gt>'preview'> to scale and it will use nearest neighbor
2204 sampling instead of filtering. It is much faster but also generates
2205 worse looking images - especially if the original has a lot of sharp
2206 variations and the scaled image is by more than 3-5 times smaller than
2209 If you need to scale images per axis it is best to do it simply by
2210 calling scaleX and scaleY. You can pass either 'scalefactor' or
2211 'pixels' to both functions.
2213 Another way to resize an image size is to crop it. The parameters
2214 to crop are the edges of the area that you want in the returned image.
2215 If a parameter is omited a default is used instead.
2217 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100, top=>10, bottom=>100);
2218 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, top=>10, width=>50, height=>90);
2219 $newimg = $img->crop(left=>50, right=>100); # top
2221 You can also specify width and height parameters which will produce a
2222 new image cropped from the center of the input image, with the given
2225 $newimg = $img->crop(width=>50, height=>50);
2227 The width and height parameters take precedence over the left/right
2228 and top/bottom parameters respectively.
2230 =head2 Copying images
2232 To create a copy of an image use the C<copy()> method. This is usefull
2233 if you want to keep an original after doing something that changes the image
2234 inplace like writing text.
2238 To copy an image to onto another image use the C<paste()> method.
2240 $dest->paste(left=>40,top=>20,img=>$logo);
2242 That copies the entire C<$logo> image onto the C<$dest> image so that the
2243 upper left corner of the C<$logo> image is at (40,20).
2246 =head2 Flipping images
2248 An inplace horizontal or vertical flip is possible by calling the
2249 C<flip()> method. If the original is to be preserved it's possible to
2250 make a copy first. The only parameter it takes is the C<dir>
2251 parameter which can take the values C<h>, C<v>, C<vh> and C<hv>.
2253 $img->flip(dir=>"h"); # horizontal flip
2254 $img->flip(dir=>"vh"); # vertical and horizontal flip
2255 $nimg = $img->copy->flip(dir=>"v"); # make a copy and flip it vertically
2257 =head2 Blending Images
2259 To put an image or a part of an image directly
2260 into another it is best to call the C<paste()> method on the image you
2263 $img->paste(img=>$srcimage,left=>30,top=>50);
2265 That will take paste C<$srcimage> into C<$img> with the upper
2266 left corner at (30,50). If no values are given for C<left>
2267 or C<top> they will default to 0.
2269 A more complicated way of blending images is where one image is
2270 put 'over' the other with a certain amount of opaqueness. The
2271 method that does this is rubthrough.
2273 $img->rubthrough(src=>$srcimage,tx=>30,ty=>50);
2275 That will take the image C<$srcimage> and overlay it with the
2276 upper left corner at (30,50). The C<$srcimage> must be a 4 channel
2277 image. The last channel is used as an alpha channel.
2282 A special image method is the filter method. An example is:
2284 $img->filter(type=>'autolevels');
2286 This will call the autolevels filter. Here is a list of the filters
2287 that are always avaliable in Imager. This list can be obtained by
2288 running the C<filterlist.perl> script that comes with the module
2293 autolevels lsat(0.1) usat(0.1) skew(0)
2295 noise amount(3) subtype(0)
2298 gradgen xo yo colors dist
2300 The default values are in parenthesis. All parameters must have some
2301 value but if a parameter has a default value it may be omitted when
2302 calling the filter function.
2304 FIXME: make a seperate pod for filters?
2306 =head2 Color transformations
2308 You can use the convert method to transform the color space of an
2309 image using a matrix. For ease of use some presets are provided.
2311 The convert method can be used to:
2317 convert an RGB or RGBA image to grayscale.
2321 convert a grayscale image to RGB.
2325 extract a single channel from an image.
2329 set a given channel to a particular value (or from another channel)
2333 The currently defined presets are:
2341 converts an RGBA image into a grayscale image with alpha channel, or
2342 an RGB image into a grayscale image without an alpha channel.
2344 This weights the RGB channels at 22.2%, 70.7% and 7.1% respectively.
2348 removes the alpha channel from a 2 or 4 channel image. An identity
2355 extracts the first channel of the image into a single channel image
2361 extracts the second channel of the image into a single channel image
2367 extracts the third channel of the image into a single channel image
2371 extracts the alpha channel of the image into a single channel image.
2373 If the image has 1 or 3 channels (assumed to be grayscale of RGB) then
2374 the resulting image will be all white.
2378 converts a grayscale image to RGB, preserving the alpha channel if any
2382 adds an alpha channel to a grayscale or RGB image. Preserves an
2383 existing alpha channel for a 2 or 4 channel image.
2387 For example, to convert an RGB image into a greyscale image:
2389 $new = $img->convert(preset=>'grey'); # or gray
2391 or to convert a grayscale image to an RGB image:
2393 $new = $img->convert(preset=>'rgb');
2395 The presets aren't necessary simple constants in the code, some are
2396 generated based on the number of channels in the input image.
2398 If you want to perform some other colour transformation, you can use
2399 the 'matrix' parameter.
2401 For each output pixel the following matrix multiplication is done:
2403 channel[0] [ [ $c00, $c01, ... ] inchannel[0]
2404 [ ... ] = ... x [ ... ]
2405 channel[n-1] [ $cn0, ..., $cnn ] ] inchannel[max]
2408 So if you want to swap the red and green channels on a 3 channel image:
2410 $new = $img->convert(matrix=>[ [ 0, 1, 0 ],
2414 or to convert a 3 channel image to greyscale using equal weightings:
2416 $new = $img->convert(matrix=>[ [ 0.333, 0.333, 0.334 ] ])
2418 =head2 Color Mappings
2420 You can use the map method to map the values of each channel of an
2421 image independently using a list of lookup tables. It's important to
2422 realize that the modification is made inplace. The function simply
2423 returns the input image again or undef on failure.
2425 Each channel is mapped independently through a lookup table with 256
2426 entries. The elements in the table should not be less than 0 and not
2427 greater than 255. If they are out of the 0..255 range they are
2428 clamped to the range. If a table does not contain 256 entries it is
2431 Single channels can mapped by specifying their name and the mapping
2432 table. The channel names are C<red>, C<green>, C<blue>, C<alpha>.
2434 @map = map { int( $_/2 } 0..255;
2435 $img->map( red=>\@map );
2437 It is also possible to specify a single map that is applied to all
2438 channels, alpha channel included. For example this applies a gamma
2439 correction with a gamma of 1.4 to the input image.
2442 @map = map { int( 0.5 + 255*($_/255)**$gamma ) } 0..255;
2443 $img->map(all=> \@map);
2445 The C<all> map is used as a default channel, if no other map is
2446 specified for a channel then the C<all> map is used instead. If we
2447 had not wanted to apply gamma to the alpha channel we would have used:
2449 $img->map(all=> \@map, alpha=>[]);
2451 Since C<[]> contains fewer than 256 element the gamma channel is
2454 It is also possible to simply specify an array of maps that are
2455 applied to the images in the rgba order. For example to apply
2456 maps to the C<red> and C<blue> channels one would use:
2458 $img->map(maps=>[\@redmap, [], \@bluemap]);
2462 =head2 Transformations
2464 Another special image method is transform. It can be used to generate
2465 warps and rotations and such features. It can be given the operations
2466 in postfix notation or the module Affix::Infix2Postfix can be used.
2467 Look in the test case t/t55trans.t for an example.
2469 transform() needs expressions (or opcodes) that determine the source
2470 pixel for each target pixel. Source expressions are infix expressions
2471 using any of the +, -, *, / or ** binary operators, the - unary
2472 operator, ( and ) for grouping and the sin() and cos() functions. The
2473 target pixel is input as the variables x and y.
2475 You specify the x and y expressions as xexpr and yexpr respectively.
2476 You can also specify opcodes directly, but that's magic deep enough
2477 that you can look at the source code.
2479 You can still use the transform() function, but the transform2()
2480 function is just as fast and is more likely to be enhanced and
2483 Later versions of Imager also support a transform2() class method
2484 which allows you perform a more general set of operations, rather than
2485 just specifying a spatial transformation as with the transform()
2486 method, you can also perform colour transformations, image synthesis
2487 and image combinations.
2489 transform2() takes an reference to an options hash, and a list of
2490 images to operate one (this list may be empty):
2495 my $img = Imager::transform2(\%opts, @imgs)
2496 or die "transform2 failed: $Imager::ERRSTR";
2498 The options hash may define a transformation function, and optionally:
2504 width - the width of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied the
2505 width of the first input image is used. If there are no input images
2510 height - the height of the image in pixels. If this isn't supplied
2511 the height of the first input image is used. If there are no input
2512 images an error occurs.
2516 constants - a reference to hash of constants to define for the
2517 expression engine. Some extra constants are defined by Imager
2521 The tranformation function is specified using either the expr or
2522 rpnexpr member of the options.
2526 =item Infix expressions
2528 You can supply infix expressions to transform 2 with the expr keyword.
2530 $opts{expr} = 'return getp1(w-x, h-y)'
2532 The 'expression' supplied follows this general grammar:
2534 ( identifier '=' expr ';' )* 'return' expr
2536 This allows you to simplify your expressions using variables.
2538 A more complex example might be:
2540 $opts{expr} = 'pix = getp1(x,y); return if(value(pix)>0.8,pix*0.8,pix)'
2542 Currently to use infix expressions you must have the Parse::RecDescent
2543 module installed (available from CPAN). There is also what might be a
2544 significant delay the first time you run the infix expression parser
2545 due to the compilation of the expression grammar.
2547 =item Postfix expressions
2549 You can supply postfix or reverse-polish notation expressions to
2550 transform2() through the rpnexpr keyword.
2552 The parser for rpnexpr emulates a stack machine, so operators will
2553 expect to see their parameters on top of the stack. A stack machine
2554 isn't actually used during the image transformation itself.
2556 You can store the value at the top of the stack in a variable called
2557 foo using !foo and retrieve that value again using @foo. The !foo
2558 notation will pop the value from the stack.
2560 An example equivalent to the infix expression above:
2562 $opts{rpnexpr} = 'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.8 gt @pix 0.8 * @pix ifp'
2566 transform2() has a fairly rich range of operators.
2570 =item +, *, -, /, %, **
2572 multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, remainder and
2573 exponentiation. Multiplication, addition and subtraction can be used
2574 on colour values too - though you need to be careful - adding 2 white
2575 values together and multiplying by 0.5 will give you grey, not white.
2577 Division by zero (or a small number) just results in a large number.
2578 Modulo zero (or a small number) results in zero.
2580 =item sin(N), cos(N), atan2(y,x)
2582 Some basic trig functions. They work in radians, so you can't just
2585 =item distance(x1, y1, x2, y2)
2587 Find the distance between two points. This is handy (along with
2588 atan2()) for producing circular effects.
2592 Find the square root. I haven't had much use for this since adding
2593 the distance() function.
2597 Find the absolute value.
2599 =item getp1(x,y), getp2(x,y), getp3(x, y)
2601 Get the pixel at position (x,y) from the first, second or third image
2602 respectively. I may add a getpn() function at some point, but this
2603 prevents static checking of the instructions against the number of
2604 images actually passed in.
2606 =item value(c), hue(c), sat(c), hsv(h,s,v)
2608 Separates a colour value into it's value (brightness), hue (colour)
2609 and saturation elements. Use hsv() to put them back together (after
2610 suitable manipulation).
2612 =item red(c), green(c), blue(c), rgb(r,g,b)
2614 Separates a colour value into it's red, green and blue colours. Use
2615 rgb(r,g,b) to put it back together.
2619 Convert a value to an integer. Uses a C int cast, so it may break on
2622 =item if(cond,ntrue,nfalse), if(cond,ctrue,cfalse)
2624 A simple (and inefficient) if function.
2626 =item <=,<,==,>=,>,!=
2628 Relational operators (typically used with if()). Since we're working
2629 with floating point values the equalities are 'near equalities' - an
2630 epsilon value is used.
2632 =item &&, ||, not(n)
2634 Basic logical operators.
2642 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.7 gt @pat @pix ifp'
2644 tiles a smaller version of the input image over itself where the
2645 colour has a saturation over 0.7.
2647 =item rpnexpr=>'x 25 % 15 * y 35 % 10 * getp1 !pat y 360 / !rat x y getp1 1 @rat - pmult @pat @rat pmult padd'
2649 tiles the input image over itself so that at the top of the image the
2650 full-size image is at full strength and at the bottom the tiling is
2653 =item rpnexpr=>'x y getp1 !pix @pix value 0.96 gt @pix sat 0.1 lt and 128 128 255 rgb @pix ifp'
2655 replace pixels that are white or almost white with a palish blue
2657 =item rpnexpr=>'x 35 % 10 * y 45 % 8 * getp1 !pat x y getp1 !pix @pix sat 0.2 lt @pix value 0.9 gt and @pix @pat @pix value 2 / 0.5 + pmult ifp'
2659 Tiles the input image overitself where the image isn't white or almost
2662 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a2 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
2666 =item rpnexpr=>'x y 160 180 distance !d y 180 - x 160 - atan2 !a @d 10 / @a + 3.1416 2 * % !a2 @a 180 * 3.1416 / 1 @a2 sin 1 + 2 / hsv'
2668 A spiral built on top of a colour wheel.
2672 For details on expression parsing see L<Imager::Expr>. For details on
2673 the virtual machine used to transform the images, see
2674 L<Imager::regmach.pod>.
2678 It is possible to add filters to the module without recompiling the
2679 module itself. This is done by using DSOs (Dynamic shared object)
2680 avaliable on most systems. This way you can maintain our own filters
2681 and not have to get me to add it, or worse patch every new version of
2682 the Module. Modules can be loaded AND UNLOADED at runtime. This
2683 means that you can have a server/daemon thingy that can do something
2686 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2687 %hsh=(a=>35,b=>200,type=>lin_stretch);
2689 unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2690 $img->write(type=>'pnm',file=>'testout/t60.jpg')
2691 || die "error in write()\n";
2693 Someone decides that the filter is not working as it should -
2694 dyntest.c modified and recompiled.
2696 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so") || die "unable to load plugin\n";
2699 An example plugin comes with the module - Please send feedback to
2700 addi@umich.edu if you test this.
2702 Note: This seems to test ok on the following systems:
2703 Linux, Solaris, HPUX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, TRU64/OSF1, AIX.
2704 If you test this on other systems please let me know.
2708 box, arc, circle do not support antialiasing yet. arc, is only filled
2709 as of yet. Some routines do not return $self where they should. This
2710 affects code like this, C<$img-E<gt>box()-E<gt>arc()> where an object
2713 When saving Gif images the program does NOT try to shave of extra
2714 colors if it is possible. If you specify 128 colors and there are
2715 only 2 colors used - it will have a 128 colortable anyway.
2719 Arnar M. Hrafnkelsson, addi@umich.edu, and recently lots of assistance
2720 from Tony Cook. See the README for a complete list.
2724 perl(1), Imager::Color(3), Imager::Font, Affix::Infix2Postfix(3),
2725 Parse::RecDescent(3) http://www.eecs.umich.edu/~addi/perl/Imager/