3 Imager::Filters - Entire Image Filtering Operations
11 $img->filter(type=>'autolevels');
12 $img->filter(type=>'autolevels', lsat=>0.2);
13 $img->filter(type=>'turbnoise')
17 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
18 or die "unable to load plugin\n";
20 $img->filter(type=>'lin_stretch', a=>35, b=>200);
22 unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
23 or die "unable to load plugin\n";
25 $out = $img->difference(other=>$other_img);
29 Filters are operations that have similar calling interface.
31 =head2 Types of Filters
33 Here is a list of the filters that are always avaliable in Imager.
34 This list can be obtained by running the C<filterlist.perl> script
35 that comes with the module source.
37 Filter Arguments Default value
42 bumpmap bump lightx lighty
95 unsharpmask stddev 2.0
103 All parameters must have some value but if a parameter has a default
104 value it may be omitted when calling the filter function.
106 Every one of these filters modifies the image in place.
108 A reference of the filters follows:
114 scales the value of each channel so that the values in the image will
115 cover the whole possible range for the channel. I<lsat> and I<usat>
116 truncate the range by the specified fraction at the top and bottom of
117 the range respectivly.
119 # increase contrast, losing little detail
120 $img->filter(type=>"autolevels")
123 # increase contrast, losing 20% of highlight at top and bottom range
124 $img->filter(type=>"autolevels", lsat=>0.2, usat=>0.2)
129 uses the channel I<elevation> image I<bump> as a bumpmap on your
130 image, with the light at (I<lightx>, I<lightty>), with a shadow length
133 $img->filter(type=>"bumpmap", bump=>$bumpmap_img,
134 lightx=>10, lighty=>10, st=>5)
137 =item bumpmap_complex
139 uses the channel I<channel> image I<bump> as a bumpmap on your image.
140 If Lz<0 the three L parameters are considered to be the direction of
141 the light. If Lz>0 the L parameters are considered to be the light
142 position. I<Ia> is the ambient colour, I<Il> is the light colour,
143 I<Is> is the color of specular highlights. I<cd> is the diffuse
144 coefficient and I<cs> is the specular coefficient. I<n> is the
145 shininess of the surface.
147 $img->filter(type=>"bumpmap_complex", bump=>$bumpmap_img)
152 scales each channel by I<intensity>. Values of I<intensity> < 1.0
153 will reduce the contrast.
156 $img->filter(type=>"contrast", intensity=>1.3)
160 $img->filter(type=>"contrast", intensity=>0.8)
165 performs 2 1-dimensional convolutions on the image using the values
166 from I<coef>. I<coef> should be have an odd length and the sum of the
167 coefficients must be non-zero.
170 $img->filter(type=>"conv", coef=>[-0.5, 2, -0.5 ])
174 $img->filter(type=>"conv", coef=>[ 1, 2, 1 ])
179 renders a fountain fill, similar to the gradient tool in most paint
180 software. The default fill is a linear fill from opaque black to
181 opaque white. The points A(xa, ya) and B(xb, yb) control the way the
182 fill is performed, depending on the ftype parameter:
188 the fill ramps from A through to B.
192 the fill ramps in both directions from A, where AB defines the length
197 A is the center of a circle, and B is a point on it's circumference.
198 The fill ramps from the center out to the circumference.
202 A is the center of a square and B is the center of one of it's sides.
203 This can be used to rotate the square. The fill ramps out to the
208 A is the centre of a circle and B is a point on it's circumference. B
209 marks the 0 and 360 point on the circle, with the fill ramping
214 A is the center of a circle and B is a point on it's circumference. B
215 marks the 0 and point on the circle, with the fill ramping in both
216 directions to meet opposite.
220 The I<repeat> option controls how the fill is repeated for some
221 I<ftype>s after it leaves the AB range:
227 no repeats, points outside of each range are treated as if they were
228 on the extreme end of that range.
232 the fill simply repeats in the positive direction
236 the fill repeats in reverse and then forward and so on, in the
241 the fill repeats in both the positive and negative directions (only
242 meaningful for a linear fill).
246 as for triangle, but in the negative direction too (only meaningful
251 By default the fill simply overwrites the whole image (unless you have
252 parts of the range 0 through 1 that aren't covered by a segment), if
253 any segments of your fill have any transparency, you can set the
254 I<combine> option to 'normal' to have the fill combined with the
255 existing pixels. See the description of I<combine> in L<Imager::Fill>.
257 If your fill has sharp edges, for example between steps if you use
258 repeat set to 'triangle', you may see some aliased or ragged edges.
259 You can enable super-sampling which will take extra samples within the
260 pixel in an attempt anti-alias the fill.
262 The possible values for the super_sample option are:
268 no super-sampling is done
272 a square grid of points are sampled. The number of points sampled is
273 the square of ceil(0.5 + sqrt(ssample_param)).
277 a random set of points within the pixel are sampled. This looks
278 pretty bad for low ssample_param values.
282 the points on the radius of a circle within the pixel are sampled.
283 This seems to produce the best results, but is fairly slow (for now).
287 You can control the level of sampling by setting the ssample_param
288 option. This is roughly the number of points sampled, but depends on
289 the type of sampling.
291 The segments option is an arrayref of segments. You really should use
292 the L<Imager::Fountain> class to build your fountain fill. Each
293 segment is an array ref containing:
299 a floating point number between 0 and 1, the start of the range of
300 fill parameters covered by this segment.
304 a floating point number between start and end which can be used to
305 push the color range towards one end of the segment.
309 a floating point number between 0 and 1, the end of the range of fill
310 parameters covered by this segment. This should be greater than
317 The colors at each end of the segment. These can be either
318 Imager::Color or Imager::Color::Float objects.
322 The type of segment, this controls the way the fill parameter varies
323 over the segment. 0 for linear, 1 for curved (unimplemented), 2 for
324 sine, 3 for sphere increasing, 4 for sphere decreasing.
328 The way the color varies within the segment, 0 for simple RGB, 1 for
329 hue increasing and 2 for hue decreasing.
333 Don't forget to use Imager::Fountain instead of building your own.
334 Really. It even loads GIMP gradient files.
336 # build the gradient the hard way - linear from black to white,
340 [ 0, 0.25, 0.5, 'black', 'white', 0, 0 ],
341 [ 0.5. 0.75, 1.0, 'white', 'black', 0, 0 ],
344 my $linear = $img->copy;
345 $linear->filter(type => "fountain",
347 repeat => 'sawtooth',
349 ya => $linear->getheight / 2,
350 xb => $linear->getwidth - 1,
351 yb => $linear->getheight / 2)
352 or die $linear->errstr;
354 my $revolution = $img->copy;
355 $revolution->filter(type => "fountain",
356 ftype => 'revolution',
357 xa => $revolution->getwidth / 2,
358 ya => $revolution->getheight / 2,
359 xb => $revolution->getwidth / 2,
361 or die $revolution->errstr;
362 # out from the middle
363 my $radial = $img->copy;
364 $radial->filter(type => "fountain",
366 xa => $im->getwidth / 2,
367 ya => $im->getheight / 2,
368 xb => $im->getwidth / 2,
370 or die $radial->errstr;
374 performs a gaussian blur of the image, using I<stddev> as the standard
375 deviation of the curve used to combine pixels, larger values give
376 bigger blurs. For a definition of Gaussian Blur, see:
378 http://www.maths.abdn.ac.uk/~igc/tch/mx4002/notes/node99.html
380 Values of C<stddev> around 0.5 provide a barely noticable blur, values
381 around 5 provide a very strong blur.
383 # only slightly blurred
384 $img->filter(type=>"gaussian", stddev=>0.5)
387 # more strongly blurred
388 $img->filter(type=>"gaussian", stddev=>5)
393 renders a gradient, with the given I<colors> at the corresponding
394 points (x,y) in I<xo> and I<yo>. You can specify the way distance is
395 measured for color blending by setting I<dist> to 0 for Euclidean, 1
396 for Euclidean squared, and 2 for Manhattan distance.
398 $img->filter(type="gradgen",
401 colors=>[ qw(red blue green) ]);
405 inverts the image, black to white, white to black. All channels are
406 inverted, including the alpha channel if any.
408 $img->filter(type=>"hardinvert")
413 produces averaged tiles of the given I<size>.
415 $img->filter(type=>"mosaic", size=>5)
420 adds noise of the given I<amount> to the image. If I<subtype> is
421 zero, the noise is even to each channel, otherwise noise is added to
422 each channel independently.
425 $img->filter(type=>"noise", amount=>20, subtype=>0)
429 $img->filter(type=>"noise", amount=>20, subtype=>1)
434 renders radiant Perlin turbulent noise. The centre of the noise is at
435 (I<xo>, I<yo>), I<ascale> controls the angular scale of the noise ,
436 and I<rscale> the radial scale, higher numbers give more detail.
438 $img->filter(type=>"radnoise", xo=>50, yo=>50,
439 ascale=>1, rscale=>0.02)
444 alters the image to have only I<levels> distinct level in each
447 $img->filter(type=>"postlevels", levels=>10)
452 renders Perlin turbulent noise. (I<xo>, I<yo>) controls the origin of
453 the noise, and I<scale> the scale of the noise, with lower numbers
456 $img->filter(type=>"turbnoise", xo=>10, yo=>10, scale=>10)
461 performs an unsharp mask on the image. This is the result of
462 subtracting a gaussian blurred version of the image from the original.
463 I<stddev> controls the stddev parameter of the gaussian blur. Each
464 output pixel is: in + I<scale> * (in - blurred).
466 $img->filter(type=>"unsharpmask", stddev=>1, scale=>0.5)
471 applies I<wmark> as a watermark on the image with strength I<pixdiff>,
472 with an origin at (I<tx>, I<ty>)
474 $img->filter(type=>"watermark", tx=>10, ty=>50,
475 wmark=>$wmark_image, pixdiff=>50)
480 A demonstration of most of the filters can be found at:
482 http://www.develop-help.com/imager/filters.html
484 =head2 External Filters
486 As of Imager 0.48 you can create perl or XS based filters and hook
487 them into Imager's filter() method:
491 =item register_filter
493 Registers a filter so it is visible via Imager's filter() method.
495 Imager->register_filter(type => 'your_filter',
496 defaults => { parm1 => 'default1' },
497 callseq => [ qw/image parm1/ ],
498 callsub => \&your_filter);
499 $img->filter(type=>'your_filter', parm1 => 'something');
501 The following parameters are needed:
507 type - the type value that will be supplied to filter() to use your
512 defaults - a hash of defaults for the filter's parameters
516 callseq - a reference to an array of required parameter names.
520 callsub - a code reference called to execute your filter. The
521 parameters passed to filter() are supplied as a list of parameter
522 name, value ... which can be assigned to a hash.
524 The special parameters C<image> and C<imager> are supplied as the low
525 level image object from $self and $self itself respectively.
527 The function you supply must modify the image in place.
531 See Imager::Filter::Mandelbrot for an example.
537 The plugin interface is deprecated. Please use the Imager API, see
538 L</Imager::API> and L<External Filters> for details
540 It is possible to add filters to the module without recompiling the
541 module itself. This is done by using DSOs (Dynamic shared object)
542 avaliable on most systems. This way you can maintain our own filters
543 and not have to get me to add it, or worse patch every new version of
544 the Module. Modules can be loaded AND UNLOADED at runtime. This
545 means that you can have a server/daemon thingy that can do something
548 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
549 or die "unable to load plugin\n";
551 $img->filter(type=>'lin_stretch', a=>35, b=>200);
553 unload_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
554 or die "unable to load plugin\n";
556 Someone decides that the filter is not working as it should -
557 dyntest.c modified and recompiled.
559 load_plugin("dynfilt/dyntest.so")
560 or die "unable to load plugin\n";
564 An example plugin comes with the module - Please send feedback to
565 addi@umich.edu if you test this.
567 Note: This seems to test ok on the following systems:
568 Linux, Solaris, HPUX, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, TRU64/OSF1, AIX.
569 If you test this on other systems please let me know.
571 =head2 Image Difference
573 You can create a new image that is the difference between 2 other images.
575 my $diff = $img->difference(other=>$other_img);
577 For each pixel in $img that is different to the pixel in $other_img,
578 the pixel from $other_img is given, otherwise the pixel is transparent
581 This can be used for debugging image differences ("Where are they
582 different?"), and for optimizing animated GIFs.
584 Note that $img and $other_img must have the same number of channels.
585 The width and heigh of $diff will be the minimum of each of the width
586 and height of $img and $other_img.